合作腦機介面(collaborative brain-computer interface, cBCI)主要是以多套腦電量測裝置同步量測多位受試者之腦電訊號進行訊號特徵分析，其目的是短時間內合併多人腦電訊號並分析，提升腦電訊號之訊號雜訊比及腦機介面的分類準確度。目前合作腦機介面相關研究皆以多套商品化之腦電量測裝置及配戴濕式腦電帽實現，導致成本提高、耗費人力與時間。因此，本研究旨在開發具備低成本、可攜式，及乾式電極之多人同步腦電量測裝置。
本研究所發展之多人同步平臺是以行為刺激平臺、腦電量測裝置，及資料接收平臺所構成。系統驗證方面主要針對裝置功耗、前端電路頻率響應、裝置訊號與事件標記同步穩定性，及多人同步腦電實驗進行測試與驗證。本研究現階段建構三人同步腦電訊號量測系統，進行為期10天的聽覺奇異刺激實驗(auditory oddball paradigm)同時誘發三人大腦選擇性注意力相關的P300腦電訊號，並以事件相關電位(event-related potential, ERP)分析方法，完成跨人及跨天之事件相關電位分析。
根據驗證結果，裝置於9-V電池供電可運作3.5小時(功耗約為250 mW)，而訊號帶通之低頻(0.6 Hz)及高頻(56.5 Hz)截止頻率於實際量測與電路模擬誤差分別為2.5 dB與0.4 dB。至於訊號與事件同步測試，於30分鐘1800筆間隔一秒事件標記測試，單套裝置平均事件間隔誤差為2.8 ± 1.86毫秒，最大誤差為15毫秒(出現機率為0.05%)，而跨裝置平均事件間隔誤差為1.44 ± 2毫秒，最大誤差為16毫秒(出現機率為0.05%)。事件相關電位分析顯示，單人單天結果大都可觀察到選擇性注意力所誘發的P300振幅，其訊號雜訊比具有統計顯著性(p<0.01)，而跨人及跨天之平均事件相關電位皆可明顯觀察到N100及P300成分，因而成功的驗證本研究所發展之多人同步腦電量測平臺的有效性。未來，不僅加速多人腦電實驗及研究的進行，亦能提升合作腦機介面實際應用的可行性，例如評估學生參與課程的專心程度、探索社交行為，及電玩競賽。

關鍵字：合作腦機介面、多人同步腦電訊號量測、事件相關電位、腦電訊號處理、類比前端電路。

Collaborative brain computer interface (cBCI) is an emerging track in BCI research to make a control decision through the engagement of electroencephalogram (EEG) from multiple individuals concurrently. Leveraging multi-individual EEG signal enables to boost signal-to-noise ratio and improve the BCI performance with respect to a conventional single-individual BCI. Most cBCI works were done by employing multiple laboratory-oriented EEG-sensing devices with wet electrodes, which led to cost-inefficient, time-consuming and labor-intensive setup. This work thus developed a cost-efficient multi-individual EEG acquisition platform, featuring dry electrodes and wireless transmission.
The proposed multi-individual EEG system is composed of a behavioral stimulation platform, portable EEG acquisition devices, and a data receiving platform. The core EEG device was thoroughly verified by the aspects of power consumption, frequency responses, synchronization of EEG and event, and multi-individual EEG acquisition. At this stage, the system implemented a scenario for three individuals and verified the practicality through a 10-day auditory oddball paradigm. Event related potential (ERP) analysis was then performed to derive attention-related EEG responses across individuals and days.
The results showed that the device could be functional for 3.5 hours with a 9-V battery (power consumption was about 250 mW), and its actual frequency response of the designed bandpass filter (0.6 ~ 56.5 Hz) differed from the ideal simulation with an acceptable range less than 2.5 dB at cut-off frequencies. As for the EEG-event synchronization outcome derived in a 30-min test of 1800 events per second, the averaged error of signal devices was 2.8 ± 1.86 ms with a maximum of 15 ms (occurrence was only 0.05%), whereas the cross-device counterpart led to an averaged error 1.44 ± 2 ms, with a maximum of 16 ms (0.05%). Furthermore, the ERP results showed that most single-day EEG sessions exhibited a prominent P300 amplitude for target sounds against non-target sounds (p<0.01). The cross-individual and cross-day ERP results consistently exhibited N100 and P300 components as well. The above outcomes evidently demonstrated the integrity of the multi-individual EEG acquisition system developed in the present work. In the feature, the developed system not only facilitates multi-individual brain research as well as practical cBCI applications, such as monitoring students’ attention in class, social activities, and neurogaming.

Keywords: collaborative brain computer interface, multi-individual electroencephalogram acquisition, event-related potential, EEG signal processing, analog front end.

目錄
論文審定書 i
目錄 ii
圖目錄 iv
表目錄 v
誌謝 vi
中文摘要 vii
Abstract viii
第一章、 緒論 1
1.1 腦電訊號基礎介紹與應用 1
1.1.1 腦電訊號簡述 1
1.1.2 腦電訊號量測方法 2
1.1.3 事件相關電位介紹與應用 3
1.1.4 腦機介面介紹與研究趨勢 5
1.2 合作腦機介面相關研究 7
1.3 研究動機與貢獻 8
第二章、 系統設計與驗證 10
2.1 多人同步腦電量測系統架構 10
2.1.1 行為刺激平臺 10
2.1.2 腦電量測裝置 11
2.1.3 資料接收平臺 13
2.2 系統驗證 14
2.2.1 前端類比電路頻率響應 14
2.2.2 模擬訊號與事件同步穩定性 14
2.3 三人同步腦電實驗 15
2.3.1 受試者 16
2.3.2 腦電訊號量測 16
2.3.3 聽覺奇異實驗流程 16
2.3.4 事件相關電位分析方法與驗證 17
第三章、 驗證結果 19
3.1 單套腦電裝置驗證結果 19
3.1.1 運作時間與電池電壓之相對曲線圖 19
3.1.2 前端類比電路頻率響應分析結果 19
3.1.3 事件標記分析結果 20
3.1.4 事件標記與測試訊號之同步化分析結果 20
3.2 三套腦電裝置驗證結果 21
3.2.1 跨裝置事件標記分析結果 21
3.2.2 跨裝置事件標記與測試訊號同步化分析結果 22
3.3 三人同步腦電實驗分析結果 22
3.3.1 事件相關電位時域及影像分析結果 22
3.3.2 事件相關電位統計分析結果 24
第四章、 討論與未來展望 28
4.1 討論 28
4.1.1 實際量測與電路模擬腦電量測裝置頻率響應的差異 28
4.1.2 單裝置及跨裝置事件標記與量測訊號之同步穩定性 28
4.1.3 探討大腦誘發N100與P300事件相關電位現象 29
4.2 未來展望 30
第五章、 結論 32
參考文獻 33







圖目錄
圖1 1 腦電極位置側面視圖(10-20 system) 2
圖1 2 腦電極位置俯視圖 3
圖1 3 腦機介面系統架構 5
圖2 1 多人同步腦電量測系統架構圖 10
圖2 2 腦電量測裝置架構圖 11
圖2 3 前端類比電路設計 12
圖2 4 本研究設計之腦電量測裝置 13
圖2 5 腦電訊號資料紀錄格式 14
圖2 6 三人同步腦電量測系統 15
圖2 7 乾式電極擺放位置示意圖及本研究所製作乾式腦電帽 16
圖2 8 三人同步腦電實驗示意圖 17
圖2 9 本研究設計之聽覺奇異刺激圖形化界面及實驗流程圖 17
圖3 1 (A)裝置運作時間與電池電壓之相對曲線圖及(B)前端電路頻率響應測試結果 19
圖3 2 事件間隔誤差分布 20
圖3 3 跨裝置事件間隔差分布圖 21
圖3 4 受試者I的第一天事件相關電位分析結果 23
圖3 5 單人10天及三人單天平均之事件相關電位分析結果 25
圖3 6 單人10天平均及三人10天平均之事件相關電位分析結果 26
圖3 7 單人10天、單人10天平均、三人單天平均，及三人10天平均之事件相關電位統計分析結果 27




表目錄
表3 1 測試事件標記之接收數量及事件間隔誤差表 20
表3 2 三套裝置個別分析事件標記與測試訊號同步化的平均結果 21
表3 3 跨裝置事件間隔差分析結果 21
表3 4 選擇通道四當作跨裝置之事件標記與測試訊號同步化的平均結果 22
表3 5 三人10天P300訊號雜訊比平均結果 23
表4 1 聽/視覺奇異刺激腦電實驗之相關文獻總整理 29

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