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博碩士論文 etd-0626107-233905 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0626107-233905
論文名稱
Title
以蓄熱式焚化爐處理含氯及含氮揮發性有機物之特性研究
Characteristics of Destruction of Airborne Chlorine- and Nitrogen-Containing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
105
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2007-05-29
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2007-06-26
關鍵字
Keywords
揮發性有機物、三氯乙烯、二甲基甲醯胺、二氯甲烷、蓄熱式焚化爐
dichloromethane, Regenerative thermal oxidizer, volatile organic compounds, trichloroethylene, N N-dimethylformamide
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5726 次,被下載 1864
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5726 times, has been downloaded 1864 times.
中文摘要
本研究利用蓄熱式焚化爐(regenerative thermal oxidizer, RTO)處理含氯及含氮揮發性有機物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs),評估其操作條件對排氣中VOCs破壞去除效率、熱回收率及壓損之影響。
供試二組RTO皆為雙槽電熱式,一組處理進氣中含三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene, TCE)及二氯甲烷(dichloromethane, DCM)之蓄熱床尺寸為0.5 m (L) × 0.5 m (W) × 2.0 m (H),床內填充0.0116 m粒徑礫石1.48 m厚(單槽),填充層孔隙度為0.41。實驗包括進氣無VOC及含VOCs二階段,在進氣無VOCs部分,測試在相同閥門切換時間ts (1.5 min)時,改變焚化區設定溫度TS (500-800 ℃)及氣體空塔流速Ug (0.17-0.33 m/s)對其熱回收率及壓損之影響;在進氣含VOCs部分,測試在相同ts (1.5 min)時,改變TS (500-800 ℃)、Ug (0.17-0.24 m/s)及進氣VOCs濃度對TCE及DCM之單獨破壞去除率。
另一組RTO處理進氣中含二甲基甲醯胺(N, N-dimethylformamide, DMF)之蓄熱床尺寸為0.152 m (L) × 0.14 m (W) × 1.0 m (H),床內填充0.0111 m粒徑礫石1.0 m厚,填充層孔隙度為0.42。實驗包括進氣無VOC及含VOCs二階段,在進氣無VOC部分,測試在相同ts (1.5 min)時,改變TS (750-950 ℃)及Ug (0.39-0.78 m/s)對其熱回收率及壓損之影響;在進氣含VOCs部分,包括單獨處理DMF、混合處理丁酮(methyl ethyl ketone, MEK)及DMF共二階段,分別測試在相同ts (1.5 min)及Ug (0.39 m/min)時,改變TS (750-950 ℃)及進氣VOCs濃度對VOCs之破壞去除率及燃燒生成氮氧化物(nitrogen oxides, NOx)之關係。
研究結果顯示:(1) TCE及DCM經RTO之反應產物並無殘餘氯,光氣含量佔進流含氯VOC之1 %以下;(2)在TS (500-800 ℃)及Ug (0.17-0.24 m/s)之條件下,TCE及DCM之主要反應產物為HCl、CO2、H2O;(3)在Ts (750-950 ℃)及Ug (0.39 m/s)之條件下,進氣不含DMF均無NOx生成;(4)DMF之破壞去除率超過96%並隨進氣濃度Ci (300-750 mg/Nm3)增加,NOx生成率為0.76-1.05,DMF進氣濃度與NOx生成率成反比關係;(5)添加MEK對於DMF之破壞去除率無顯著影響,混合進氣比MEK/DMF=150/300-4500/300 (mg/mg)對於NOx生成率亦無顯著影響,NOx生成率為0.75-0.96;(6) RTO熱回收率與氣體空塔流速成反比關係,但與焚化溫度無關;(7)Ergun方程式可合理用於估算氣體經RTO床之壓損。
Abstract
In this study, two regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTO) were used to test the thermal destruction, thermal recovery efficiency and the gas pressure drop over the beds characteristics when burning, respectively, airborne chlorine- and nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
First, an electrically-heated RTO containing two 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 2.0 m (L × W × H) beds, both packed with gravel particles with an average diameter of around 0.0116 m and a height of up to 1.48 m with a void fraction of 0.41 in the packed section was used to study the destruction characteristics of chlorine-containing VOCs (trichloroethane, TCE and dichloromethane, DCM). With a valve switch time (ts) of 1.5 min, preset maximum destruction temperatures (TS) of 500-800 oC and superficial gas velocity (Ug) of 0.17-0.33 m/s (evaluated at an influent air temperature of around 27 ℃), tests on the thermal recovery efficiency (TRE) and the pressure drop for the air stream without VOC in the influent air stream have been performed. With a ts of 1.5 min, Ts of 500-800 oC and Ug of 0.17-0.24 m/s (evaluated at an influent air temperature of around 27 ℃), tests on the degree thermal destruction of VOCs with influent air streams containing one of the two VOCs: trichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) have been done.
Second, an electrically-heated RTO containing two 0.152 m × 0.14 m × 1.0 m (L × W × H) beds, both packed with gravel particles with an average diameter of around 0.0111 m and a height of up to 1.0 m with a void fraction of 0.42 in the packed section was used to study the destruction and NOx formation characteristics of DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide). With a ts of 1.5 min, Ts of 750-850 ℃and Ug of 0.39-0.78 m/s (evaluated at an influent air temperature of around 30 ℃), TRE and the pressure drop for the air stream without VOC in the influent air stream have been tested. With a ts of 1.5 min, a Ug of 0.39 m/s (evaluated at an influent air temperature of around 30 ℃), and Ts of 750-950 ℃ and, thermal destruction efficiencies and nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation characteristics in burning air streams containing either DMF or DMF mixed with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were performed.
Results demonstrate that: (1) a RTO is suitable for destruction of low concentrations (<1,000 ppm as methane) of airborne highly chlorinated VOCs such as TCE and DCM and the destructed products contain no chlorine and only trace of COCl2 (< 1% of the influent VOC); (2) for TS = 800 oC and Ug = 0.17-0.24 m/s, complete oxidation products of TCE and DCM are HCl, CO2, and H2O, and the main intermediates are CO and COCl2; (3) with ts of 1.5 min, a Ug of 0.39 m/s (evaluated at an influent air temperature of around 30 oC) and TS of 750-950 ℃, no NOx was present in the effluent gas from the RTO when it was loaded with DMF-free air; (4) when only DMF was present in the influent air, the average destruction efficiencies exceeded 96%, and increased with the influent DMF concentration from 300 to 750 mg/Nm3. The “NOx-N formation/DMF-N destruction” mass ratios were in the range 0.76-1.05, and decreased as the influent DMF concentration increased within the experimental range; (5) when both DMF and MEK were present in the influent gas, the NOx formation ratio was almost the same and the DMF destruction efficiency increased with the influent MEK/DMF ratio from 150/300 to 4500/300 (mg/mg) and in the preset temperature range. The NOx formation ratios were in the range 0.75-0.96; (6) the TRE decreased as Ug increased but was invariant with Ts; and (7) the Ergun equation was found to suffice in the estimation of the pressure drop when the gas flowed over the packing beds.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌 Ⅰ
摘要 Ⅱ
ABSTRACT Ⅳ
CONTENTS Ⅶ
LIST OF TABLES X
LIST OF FIGURES XⅠ
ABBREVIATIONS XⅢ
NOMENCLATURES XⅣ
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1Background 1
1.2Objects of Research 1
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1The Evolution of Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer 3
2.2The Formation of Nitrogen Oxides 5
CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS of DESTRUCTION of AIRBORNE TCE and DCM by RTO 7
3.1Introduction 7
3.2Materials and Methods 7
3.2.1Experimental Setup 7
3.2.2Influent Gas Streams without VOC 10
3.2.3Influent Gas Streams with VOCs 11
3.2.4Analysis 11
3.3Results and Discussion 12
3.3.1TCE and DCM Destruction Efficiency 12
3.3.2Final Products and Intermediates 14
3.3.3Carbon and Chlorine Recovery 14
3.3.4Efficiency of Thermal Recovery 19
3.3.5Pressure Drop 19
CHAPTER 4 CHARACTERISTICS of DESTRUCTION of AIRBORNE DMF by RTO 22
4.1Introduction 22
4.2Materials and Methods 22
4.2.1Experimental Setup 22
4.2.2Influent Gas Streams without VOC 25
4.2.3Influent Gas Streams with VOCs 26
4.2.4Analysis 26
4.3Results and Discussion 27
4.3.1DMF Destruction Efficiency and NOx Formation 27
4.3.2Nitrogen Recovery 31
4.3.3Destruction Efficiency and NOx Formation by Mixed DMF and MEK 33
4.3.4Gas Temperature Variation in Regenerative Beds 38
4.3.5Efficiency of Thermal Recovery 43
4.3.6Pressure Drop 44
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS and SUGGESTION 49
5.1Conclusions 49
5.1.1Destruction of Airborne TCE and DCM by RTO 49
5.1.2Destruction of Airborne TCE and DCM by RTO 49
5.2Suggestion 50
REFERENCES 51
APPENDIX SUMMARY of RELATED DATA 54
A.1 Variations of Gas Temperature in the Beds With Two 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 2.0 m (L × W × H) Regenerative Beds 54
A.2 Variations of Gas Temperature in the Beds With Two 0.152 m × 0.14 m × 1.0 m (L × W × H) Regenerative Beds 58
A.3 VOC and Product Concentration Variations With Time at Inlet and Outlet Ends of RTO 70
Author’s Publication List 87
作者簡歷 88
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