本論文為設計電流源的降壓式電源轉換器並結合D類的全橋換流器，應用於超音波噴塗換能器反共振驅動上。以實際量測的方式，比較換能器在驅動共振點與反共振點上的熱消耗損失與振動量之間的差異，最後結果顯示反共振點較為節能。為了能抵抗換能器阻抗的劇烈變動，提出基於LQR控制器架構的電流源降壓式轉換器設計，不僅架構簡單，相較於以往的電壓源設計能減少更多線路上的損失。藉由電源轉換器提供可調式的電流源給全橋換流器產生切換訊號來進行換能器的驅動，並藉由驅動訊號來調節功率的輸出。其中本文的控制器以Altera所出產的FPGA,EP4CE6E22C8N搭配週邊的電路設計做驅動器實現。

This thesis presents a current-source driving circuit for an ultrasonic transducer, intended for driving the transducer in its anti-resonance for reducing thermal loss. The driving circuit is mainly composed of a buck converter that generates a constant output current, a full-bridge two-level inverter that converts the dc current into ac current, and a step-up transformer. The current regulation of the buck converter is optimally designed using the LQR method, and its output current is adjustable according to the transducer's desired driving power. The control algorithm is implemented on the Altera FPGA EP4CE6E22C8N. The experiment confirms that the proposed anti-resonance driving circuit indeed results in less thermal loss in the transducer.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xiv
第一章 超音波換能器驅動方法 1
1.1 超音波驅動方法回顧 1
1.2 反共振點驅動所遇到的困難 5
1.3 解決辦法與設計理念 6
第二章 超音波換能器特性 8
2.1 超音波換能器阻抗特性 8
2.2 超音波換能器電路模型建立與模擬 10
第三章 電流源降壓式電源轉換器與控制器設計 13
3.1 降壓式電源轉換器 13
3.1.1 電源轉換器 13
3.1.2 降壓式電源轉換器動作解析 14
3.1.3 建立降壓式電源轉換器數學模型 18
3.1.4 降壓式電源轉換器模擬 19
3.2 LQR控制器設計 27
3.2.1 LQR控制理論 27
3.2.2 LQR控制用於電流源降壓式電源轉換器 30
3.2.3 LQR電流源降壓式電源轉換器模擬 35
3.3 功率控制設計 36
第四章 全橋換流電路與補償電路設計 38
4.1 全橋換流器驅動電路設計 38
4.2 補償電路設計與模擬 41
第五章 電路整合與程式規劃 49
5.1 電路整合 49
5.1.1 電源電路設計 49
5.1.2 感測電路設計 51
5.2 FPGA控制器實現 55
5.2.1 程式執行流程圖 55
5.2.2 程式各部分位元數的決定 57
5.2.3 數位控制器方塊圖與模擬 57
第六章 模擬驗證與量測結果 62
第七章 結論與待改善的問題 68
參考文獻 69
附錄A 電路佈局 74
附錄B 被動元件的不理想特性說明 75
B.1電阻 75
B.2電容 75
B.3電感 76
B.4變壓器 78
附錄C 主動元件的不理想特性說明 84

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