中 文 摘 要
本論文針對增益平坦化長波段摻鉺光纖放大器進行研究，探討1480 nm幫激架構的放大器特性。長波段摻鉺光纖放大器近來受到高度的重視，新增1570-1600 nm長波段的放大範圍與傳統波段的摻鉺光纖放大器並行使用，能夠增加WDM系統的容量達一倍以上。我們選擇1480 nm前向和後向雙幫激的架構，藉由調整摻鉺光纖的長度來設計適合WDM系統使用的長波段放大器，而不需外加任何增益等化器。實驗結果顯示我們所設計的長波段摻鉺光纖放大器，對16個波道WDM系統之1580 nm波長信號，信號增益約為23 dB、雜訊指數為6.9 dB，且輸出頻譜顯示其在1573-1600 nm之間有良好的增益平坦度(≦1 dB)。我們也用理論模擬的方法分析與實驗相同架構之長波段摻鉺光纖放大器的特性，模擬的結果和實驗的數據相當吻合。

ABSTRACT
In this thesis, we investigate the amplification characteristics of gain-flattened L-band (1570-1600 nm) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) by employing the 1480 nm bi-directional pumping configuration. L-Band EDFAs are attractive because the use of L-band and C-band (1530-1560 nm) EDFAs in parallel greatly expands the amplification wavelength region. We adjusted the length of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) to achieve the flat amplification characteristics in the 1573-1600 nm wavelength region without using gain equalizers. The L-band EDFA exhibited a signal gain of 23 dB with good uniformity (less than 1 dB) and a noise figure of 6.9 dB for a 1580 nm signal of 16-channel WDM system. We also used the simulation tools to investigate the characteristics of L-band EDFA with the same configuration. The simulation results quite agree with the experimental data.

內容目錄
誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
內容目錄 IV
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VI

第一章 、簡介 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 論文結構 2
第二章 、摻鉺光纖放大器之工作原理與特性 3
2.1 傳統波段摻鉺光纖放大器 3
2.2 光放大器特性參數的定義與量測方法 6
2.3 長波段摻鉺光纖放大器 10
第三章 、長波段摻鉺光纖放大器之實驗 11
3.1 元件的特性量測與放大器的組裝 11
3.2 特性量測結果 12
3.3 討論 17
第四章 、長波段摻鉺光纖放大器之理論模擬 18
4.1 模擬的方法與條件 18
4.2 模擬與實驗結果的比較 20
4.3 進一步的模擬分析 22
4.4 討論 24
第五章 、結論 25

參考文獻 27
附表 30
附圖 33

參 考 文 獻
[1] D. Marcuse, A. R. Chraplyvy, and R. W. Tkach, "Dependence of cross-phase modulation on channel number in fiber WDM systems," IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 885-890, 1994.
[2] D.G. Schadt, "Effect of amplifier spacing on four-wave mixing in multichannel coherent communications," Electron. Lett., vol. 27, no. 20, pp. 1805-1807, 1991.
[3] D. Derickson, Fiber Optical Test and Measurement, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 1998.
[4] G.P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optical Communication System, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1997.
[5] P.C. Becker, N.A. Olsson and J.R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers- Fundamentals and Technology, Academic Press, San Diego and London, 1999.
[6] M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, H. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida and Y. Ohishi, "Gain-flattened tellurite-based EDFA with a flat amplification bandwidth of 76 nm," IEEE photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1244-1246, 1998.
[7] M. Yamada, H. Ono, T. Kanamori, S. Sudo and Y.Ohishi, "Broadband and gain-flattened amplifier composed of a 1.55mm-band and a 1.58mm-band Er3+-doped fiber amplifier in a parallel configuration", Electron. Lett., vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 710-711, 1997.
[8] H. Masuda, S. Kawai, K. Suzuki, K. Aida, "Wide band and low noise optical amplification using distributed Raman amplifiers and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers", Proc. ECOC'98, vol. 1, pp. 51 -52, 1998.
[9] M. Jinno, T. Sakamoto, J. Kani, S. Aisawa, K. Oda, M. Fukui, H. Ono and K. Oguchi, "First demonstration of 1580 nm wavelength band WDM transmission for doubling usable bandwidth and suppressing FWM in DSF," Electron. Lett. vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 882-883, 1997.
[10] H. Ono and M. Yamada, S. Sudo and Y. Ohishi, "1.58mm-band Er3+-doped fiber amplifier pumped in the 0.98 and 1.48mm-bands", Electron. Lett. vol.33, no.10, pp. 876-877, 1997.
[11] J. F. Massicott, R. Wyatt, B.J. Ainslie and S.P. Craig-Ryan, "Efficient, high power, high gain, Er+ dope silica fiber amplifier," Electron. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 1038-1039, 1990.
[12] E. Desurvire, J.L. Zyskind, and J.R. Simpson, "Spectral gain-hole-burning at 1.53 nm in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 246-248, 1990.
[13] J. Aspell, J.F. Federici, B.M. Nyman, D.L. Wilson and D.S. Shenk, "Accurate noise figure measurements of erbium-doped fiber amplifier in saturation conditions," in OFC'92, Tech. Digest, paper TahA4, 1992.
[14] D.M. Baney, and J. Stimple, "WDM EDFA gain characterization with a reduced set of saturating channels", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.8, no. 12, pp.1615-1617, 1996.
[15]J.F. Massicott, J. R. Armitage, R. Wyatt, B. J. Ainslie, and S. P. Craigryan, "High gain, Broadband, 1.6μm Er3+ doped silica fiber amplifier," Electron. Lett., vol. 26, pp.1645-1646, 1990.
[16] J. F. Massicott, R. Wyatt, and B. J. Ainslie, "Low noise operation of Er3+ doped silica fiber amplifier around 1.6μm," Electron. Lett., vol. 28, pp. 1924-1925, 1992.
[17] H. Ono, M. Yamada, and Y. Ohishi, "Gain-flattened Er3+-doped fiber amplifier for a WDM signal in the 1.57-1.60-μm wavelength region," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 596-598, 1997.
[18] H. Ono, M. Yamada, T. Kanamori, S. Sudo, and Y. Ohishi, "1.58μm band Er3+ doped fiber amplifier pump in the 0.98 and 1.48μm bands," Electron. Lett. vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 876-877, 1997.
[19] Y. Sun, J.W. Sulhoff, A.K. Srivastava, J.L. Zyskind, and C. Wolf, "An 80 nm ultra wide band EDFA with low noise figure and high output power," Proc. ECOC'97, vol. 5, pp. 69-72, 1997.
[20] H. Ono, M. Yamada, T. Kanamori, S. Sudo, and Y. Ohishi, "1.58-μm band gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for WDM transmission systems," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, no. 3, pp.490-496, 1999.
[21] S.Y. Park and H.K. Kim, "Efficient and low-noise operation in a gain-flattened 1580-nm band EDFA," in OFC'99, Tech. Digest, paper WG8-2, 1999.
[22] J. Lee, U.C. Ryu, S.J. Ahn and N. Park, "Enhancement of power conversion efficiency for an L-band EDFA with a secondary pumping effect in the unpumped EDF section," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 42-44, 1999.
[23] H. Ono, M. Yamada, M. Shimizu, and Y. Ohishi, "Comparison of amplification characteristics of 1.58 and 1.55μm band EDFAs," Electron. Lett., vol. 34, no. 15, pp. 1509-1510, 1998.
[24] C. R. Giles and E. Desurvire, "Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 271-283, 1991.