海鰱首目(Elopomorpha)是所有的魚類之中，唯一具有狹首幼體(leptocephalous stage)的魚類。這些魚類形態上與生活上的歧異度很大，成員有海鰱、大眼海鰱、北梭魚、背棘鰻和鰻魚。目前主要根據狹首幼體這項共同衍徵而視他們為單一起源之類群，但狹首幼體在研討親緣關係上所扮演的意義目前眾說紛紜，影響到海鰱首目是否為單一起源假說的正確性。且此首目成員之親緣關係尚有不同的假說，鑑於目前分子生物應用在探討親緣關係上之技術與知識日漸成熟，故選用粒線體DNA之12S rRNA來對傳統形態所導出之親緣關係假說作一研究，結果發現：(1)海鰱首目魚類是單一起源。(2)海鰱與大眼海鰱具有共同的祖先，並且為海鰱首目的祖先群。(3)大眼海鰱是海鰱首目最原始的種類。(4)北梭魚不屬於海鰱目內，而與背棘鰻具有共同的祖先。(5)鰻鱺目是單一起源。(6)北梭魚+背棘鰻之群系與鰻鱺目為姐妹群。(7)鯙科為鰻鱺目之祖先群。(8)鰻鱺目之內，科與科間的關係並不清楚，可能因為是在短時間內大量產生所致。(9)合鰓鰻科是單一起源，並且位於康吉鰻亞目內最原始的地位，並且科內種別彼此間的遺傳距離很小。

In fishes, elopomorphs have a leptocephalous stage in the life cycle. Elopomorpha includes tenpounders (Elops), tarpons (Megalops), bonefishes (Albula), spine eels (Notacanthus), apodes and gulper eels. They are highly diversified in morphology and habitat utilization, Their monophyly is based on sharing of this larval stage. However, not all researches on these group accept the idea that this stage is of relationship. If this is true, the concept of elopomorpha must be re-evaluated. In attempt to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships, mtDNA 12S rRNA sequences were analyzed and data suggest that: (1)Elopomorpha is a monophyletic group. In other word, leptochphalous stage is a valid phylogenetic indictor, and it is not the result of convergency to environment; (2)Elops and Megalops share a common ancestor, and is a primitive group for Elopomorpha; (3)Megalops is the primitive lineage of Elopomorpha; (4)Albula and Notacanthus share a common ancestor, and they are the sister group of Anguilliformes; (5)Anguilliformes is a monophyletic group; (6)Muraenidae is a primitive group of Anguilliformes; (7)A high speciation rate might have taken place in Apodes within a short period of time; (8)Synaphobranchidae is a monophyletic group and it is the primitive group of Congroidei. (10) Synaphobranchid species have short interspecific genetic distance among species.

謝辭 ……………………………………………………………………iii
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………iv
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………………v
目次 ……………………………………………………………………vii
表目次 ……………………………………………………………………x
圖目次 …………………………………………………………………xii
前言 ………………………………………………………………………1
(一) 形態學上的觀點 …………………………………………………1
(二) 狹首幼體的特性 …………………………………………………6
材料與方法………………………………………………………………12
(一) 實驗魚種和採集…………………………………………………12
(二) 粒線體去氧核糖核酸的定序……………………………………12
1.粗萃DNA……………………………………………………………12
2.引子設計 …………………………………………………………13
3.mtRNA 12S rRNA之大量增 ………………………………………14
4.純化 ………………………………………………………………15
5.定序 ………………………………………………………………15
(三) 序列分析 ………………………………………………………16
1.鹼基序列的整理與校對 …………………………………………16
2.鹼基序列特性的分析 ……………………………………………16
(四) 親緣關係樹的重建 ……………………………………………17
結果………………………………………………………………………18
(一) DNA序列的整理與分析 …………………………………………18
1.鹼基的組成 ………………………………………………………18
2.遺傳距離 …………………………………………………………19
3.鹼基替換率與飽和度 ……………………………………………20
4.找尋合適的演化計算模式 ………………………………………21
(二) 海鰱首目之單一起源……………………………………………21
(三) 海鰱首目成員間之親緣關係……………………………………22
(四) 鰻鱺目成員間之親緣關係………………………………………22
討論………………………………………………………………………26
(一) 狹首幼體提供演化上的訊息……………………………………26
(二) 海鰱首目是否為單一起源………………………………………27
(三) 海鰱首目成員間的親緣關係……………………………………28
(四) 鰻鱺目之親緣關係………………………………………………31
結論………………………………………………………………………35
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………37
表…………………………………………………………………………48
圖…………………………………………………………………………75
個人履歷…………………………………………………………………87

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