中文摘要

單縱模雷射具有頻率穩定及雜訊小等優點，可用來做精密量測、檢測定位等高附加價值之應用；產生單縱模雷射有許多不同的技術，例如在線型共振腔腔內加入其他光學元件或是以環形共振腔取代線型共振腔；文獻上環形共振腔是目前單縱模技術中最穩定的方法。
本研究目的主要是在設計一套結構簡單、成本低之單縱模紅外光與綠光雷射，因此開發出以兩面球面鏡做出雙鏡式立體環形共振腔單縱模紅外光與綠光雷射之系統。而在本系統中藉由單方向之控制，使得雷射光在環形共振腔內得以行進波方式前進，所以不會產生如線形共振腔因駐波所造成之空間燒孔效應而可避免所謂的綠光問題。
在本論文介紹雙鏡式共振腔之穩定性，以及雙鏡式環型共振腔之應用，並說明如何達成雙鏡式環形共振腔單縱模紅外光與綠光雷射輸出機制；由於腔內的極化狀態會影響倍頻綠光的輸出功率，因此深入探討熱致雙折射效應以及環形共振腔結構所造成的極化改變:包括非共平面所造成的極化旋轉、斜角入射所造成的影響。並對雙鏡式環型共振腔單縱模紅外光與綠光雷射之特性做一量化的研究。
本實驗架構具有體積小、元件小、設計簡單之特性，可以產生穩定之單縱模雷射輸出，非常具有產品開發的價值。

Abstract

Single frequency laser has the advantages of high stability in frequency and low noise. Therefore, single frequency laser is now widely used in applications, such as high precision measurement, holography and data storage.
Attempts to generate second harmonic radiation using a linear cavity have typically resulted in significant amplitude fluctuations due to longitudinal mode coupling. Various techniques have been proposed for solving the so called “green problem” to achieve single longitudinal mode operation, such as inserting optical component in the conventional linear cavity or use ring cavity instead of linear cavity. Uni-directional ring cavity has shown to be the most robust method for producing single frequency laser.
The purpose of this study is to develop compact and low-cost single frequency IR and green lasers. A novel symmetrical two-mirror figure “8” ring cavity is developed. Instead of using several laser mirrors for beam deflection, this ring laser system employs only two spherical mirrors to form the laser cavity for traveling wave oscillation and eliminates “spatial hole burning” caused by the standing wave operation. In this thesis, we use two-mirror figure “8” ring cavity for the generation of single frequency IR and green lasers.
The polarization status is crucial for high efficient intracavity frequency doubling. The polarization evaluation in a nonplanar and reentrant ring cavity is characterized by measuring the thermally induced linear and circular birefringence and analyzing the polarization rotation due to cavity configuration.
We have demonstrated a 2-mirror figure “8” ring cavity which is compact and has few optical elements. The stable single frequency laser output of our ring cavity promises to make the design widely applicable to solid-state lasers.

目 錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 單縱模紅外光與綠光雷射之基本原理 4
2.1 Nd:YAG與Nd:YVO4雷射晶體 4
2.2 腔內倍頻之工作原理 9
2.3 空間燒孔效應 20
2.4 綠光問題 21
2.5 環形共振腔之文獻回顧 23
2.6 單縱模紅外光與綠光雷射之基本原理 25

第三章 雙鏡式環型共振腔之特性 27
3.1 雙鏡式共振腔穩定性探討 27
3.2 雙鏡式立體環形共振腔單縱模紅外光
與綠光雷射之架構 38
3.3 光模態匹配 41
3.4 光束行進方向之控制 46
3.5 特性量測 52
3.6 雙鏡式環形共振腔之應用 55


第四章 雙鏡式環形共振腔單縱模雷射 59
4.1 雙鏡式環形共振腔紅外光雷射之特性量測 59
4.2 影響雙鏡式環形共振腔輸出極化之因素 65
4.2.1 熱致雙折射效應 66
4.2.2 非共平面光束路徑所造成的極化影響 80
4.2.3 斜向入射所造成的極化影響 82
4.3 雙鏡式環形共振腔之極化量測 83
4.4 綠光雷射效率之比較 91
4.5 雙鏡式環形共振腔單縱模綠光雷射之特性 93

第五章 結論 96

參考文獻 99
中英對照 101

參考文獻

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