長鬃山羊屬(Capricornis Ogilby, 1837)，目前分類上共有3個有效種，分佈在中國南部、西藏、緬甸、中南半島、馬來半島、蘇門答臘島、日本本州、四國、九州，及台灣。本研究以粒線體細胞色素b完整序列(1140 bp)，分析台灣、日本，及中國大陸三地長鬃山羊間之遺傳距離與親緣關係。以鄰接法與最簡約法得到之親緣關係樹，可將長鬃山羊分為三大群：台灣長鬃山羊、日本長鬃山羊及大陸蘇門答臘長鬃山羊，其中台灣與日本長鬃山羊之間親緣關係較遠，而台灣與大陸的蘇門答臘長鬃山羊親緣關係較近，且在台灣島內與日本群島內之長鬃山羊皆已有族群分化之現象，另外在長鬃山羊與斑羚間已具明顯的遺傳差異。由頭骨形態主成分與區別分析所得到之結果，顯示出台灣、日本、中國大陸三地長鬃山羊與斑羚在頭骨特徵上具有明顯差異，因此可依據頭骨形態特徵之差異作為長鬃山羊與斑羚鑑別上之一良好工具。此外，由第四紀古地質及長鬃山羊化石的證據，可以推論長鬃山羊可能是在更新世早期時，由中國大陸西南山地，藉由第四冰河期海退所形成的渤海-東海-黃海-台灣海峽陸橋遷徙分布來到台灣島與日本群島，並在更新世冰河期結束後，隔離於台灣島與日本群島，隨著時間而隔離種化成現今的台灣與日本長鬃山羊。

The genus Capricornis Ogilby, 1837, is divided into three species and widely distributed in sourthern China, Tibet, Myanmar, IndoChinese peninsula, Malaysia peninsula, Sumatra, Japanese archipelagos and Taiwan. Using complete cytochrome b sequences (1140 bp) analyzes the genetic variation and phylogeny of genus Capricornis from Taiwan, Japan and Mainland China. Constructed by both distance and maximum parsimony methods, the phyloenetic tree distinguish the Capricornis to three clades: Formosan serow, Japanese serow, and Sumatran serow from mainland China. Formosan serow is more familiar with Sumatran serow than Japanese serow. Local populations of Formosan serow of Taiwan island and Japanese serow of the Japanese archipelagos are already differentiated. Serow and goral are apparently distinguishable. The results of Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis show that serows from Taiwan, Japan and mainland China and goral are apparently distinguishable at morphological characters. The variation of morphological analysis may be a good tool to identify serow and goral. From the paleogeology and fossil records of serow of Quaternary, we could infer that ancestors of serow from southwestern mountain of mainland China migrated to Taiwan island and Japanese archipelagos through the land bridge of east Asian islands to mainland China in the early Pleistocene caused by the glaciation of Quaternary, then separated from mainland of east Asia and speciation of serow occured in Taiwan island and Japanese archipelagos after the end of the glaciation of Quaternary.

壹、前言……………………………………….……………………………………1
貳、材料與方法……………………………….……………………………………4
參、結果……………………………………………………………….…………..15
肆、討論…………………………………………………………………..………..22
伍、結論………………………………………………………….………………...36
陸、參考文獻…………………………………………………………….………...37
柒、附錄…………………….……………………………………...…….…….….107

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