本研究所採用的數據為2002年3月至2004年11月間，於南海北部(18°N 116°E)進行的東南亞時間序列研究(South East Asia Time-series Study) 13個探測航次所測得之溶解態無機碳(dissolved inorganic carbon；DIC)、鹼度(titration alkalinity；TA)、硝酸鹽及亞硝酸鹽(nitrate + nitrite；N+N)等化學水文參數。觀測期間標準化DIC (nDIC = DIC x 33.8/S)呈現明顯的季節性變化：即秋冬季時遞增，春夏季時遞減(drawdown)。其中秋冬遞增的原因，主要是低溫及季風效應所造成混合層深化的影響，春夏遞減的原因，則主要為生物作用所造成。
春夏季時(3 - 8月)混合層中碳的收支平衡(carbon budget)計算結果如下：海氣交換 -0.48 ± 0.31(輸出)、水平傳送 -0.70 ± 0.86(輸出)及垂直擴散2.50 ± 0.59(輸入) mmol m-2 day-1。由上述結果所計算出的淨族群生產力(net community production；NCP) -4.47 ± 1.98(輸出) mmol m-2 day-1與nDIC在春夏季遞減的通量(-3.15 ± 2.23 mmol m-2 day-1)極為相近，因此可以確認造成nDIC在春夏季遞減的主要原因為生物作用。此外NCP與前人在南海研究所得之新生產力(new production)及輸出生產力(export production)相當吻合，所以表明了春夏季時南海混合層中carbon system應該相當接近於穩定的狀態(steady state)。
依Redfield之C：N比(106 : 16)換算，得知欲維持上述之NCP所需的氮鹽總量(Nncp)為0.67 ± 0.30 mmol m-2 day-1。春夏季時混合層中氮鹽的收支平衡計算結果如下：垂直擴散0.20 ± 0.04、大氣濕沉降0.03 ± 0.01、大氣乾沉降0.04 ~ 0.08 (估計值)及生物固氮量(Trichodesmium和Richelia intra.) 0.02 ~ 0.13 mmol m-2 day-1。依照上述估算之總和僅足以提供50 ~ 70%的Nncp，顯示SEATS測站混合層中應有其它氮鹽的來源。
近來在北太平洋副熱帶海域的研究指出，體型小於10

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), titration alkalinity (TA), and nitrate + nitrite (N+N) are measured from seasonal cruises at the time-series site SEATS in the northern South China Sea (18°N 116°E) between March 2002 and November 2004. The most distinctive feature of the annual nDIC (DIC normalized to a constant salinity of 33.8) cycle is an increase in wintertime and a decrease in summertime (March–August). The nDIC drawdown (-3.15 ± 2.23 mmol m-2 day-1) at summertime is mainly attributed to biological uptake of DIC.
The other terms in the DIC budget calculation, i.e. the carbon fluxes of air-sea CO2 gas exchange, horizontal advection and vertical diffusion, are estimated to be -0.48 ± 0.31, -0.70 ± 0.86, and 2.50 ± 0.59 mmol m-2 day-1, respectively. Accordingly, results from the DIC budget calculation reveals a net community production (NCP) of -4.47 ± 1.98 mmol m-2 day-1. This calculated NCP from our data is in good agreement with the export and new production previously reported in the South China Sea. The consistency demonstrates that carbon system is almost in a steady state during summertime at SEATS.
According to the Refield C : N ratio of 106 : 16, a flux of 0.67 ± 0.30 mmol m-2 day-1 of bioavailable nitrogen (Nbio) is needed to sustain the calculated NCP. The source terms in the Nbio budget calculation, i.e. the nitrogen fluxes of vertical diffusion, wet deposition, dry deposition and the contribution from the putative nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium and Richelia intra., are estimated to be 0.20 ± 0.04, 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.04 ~ 0.08, and 0.02 ~ 0.13 mmol m-2 day-1, respectively. It thus seems that all the source terms can only collectively account for 50 ~ 70% Nbio needed to support the estimated NCP.
With this regard, unicellular cyanobacteria, which have been reported as an important N2-fixer in the subtropical North Pacific and identified by the nitrogenase genes (nifH) in the small size (less than 10

目錄

致謝-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ英文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅶ表目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅷ壹、緒論----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 前言---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 研究區域---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.3 東南亞時間序列研究之緣起---------------------------------------------------------------3
貳、研究材料及方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.1 研究材料---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.2 研究方法---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.2.1 海水水樣採集---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.2.2 海水中溶解態無機碳(DIC)測定-----------------------------------------------------------5
2.2.3 海水中總滴定鹼度(TA)測定---------------------------------------------------------------7
2.2.4 海水中溶解態無機碳之碳同位素組成(

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