有鑒於世界各地海岸侵蝕問題日益嚴重，若能用一套高效率、低成本且具可信度的數值模式，以預測及管理海岸變遷，將有助解決諸多海岸問題。本報告深入探討時下被普遍採用的一維長期灘線變遷模式—GENESIS，解析其適用性、靈敏度及使用上可能遭受的困難，以進一步應用於預測海岸結構物對灘線變遷的影響。
本研究於進行模擬之前，先對灘線長度、邊界條件、格點間距、傳輸係數K1與K2的設定及波向角的修正，提出具體建議；再引用多種水工模型試驗，進行驗證，以提高模式及各項參數設定之可信度；最後，提出設定K值的合理範圍。於波浪對單離岸堤正向入射時，更提出一迴歸公式計算K值比，在平均上下容許誤差約為12%~-7%範圍內，供未來進行模擬之重要參考。於波浪斜向入射單離岸堤時，建議設置K1=0.6，K2為K1的1/4~1/2左右。而於模擬單突堤時，則建議設置K1=0.6，K2為K1的1~2倍左右。本研究繼而將上述結果應用於模擬離岸堤及突堤對灘線變遷影響之研究。
本研究結果顯示，波浪對離岸堤正向入射時，離岸距與堤長之比值，S/B減小或波高變大，沙舌越長，受週期影響較小；下游最大侵蝕量則隨S/B減小而增大，幾乎不受波浪條件影響。波浪對離岸堤斜向入射時，波向角增加、S/B變小或波高變大，沙舌越長，受週期影響較小；下游最大侵蝕量則隨波向角增加或S/B減小而增大，幾乎不受波高及週期影響。模擬突堤時，下游最大侵蝕量則隨波向角增加或堤長增長而變大，幾乎不受波高及週期影響。

Coastal erosion is, more than ever, a global problem. By adopting a high-efficient, cost effective and reliable numerical model, it would help predict and manage erosion, as well as alleviate many coastal problems. This thesis reports the results of a though out investigation on the popular one dimension long-term shoreline change model--- GENESIS, analyze its suitability, sensitivity and technical difficulties likely to encounter while using the model, with the aim to predict the effect of coastal structure on shoreline changes.
Prior to perform a modeling task, this report provides constructive recommendation on the setting of the length of shoreline to be covered in the modeling, boundary conditions, grid space, transport parameters K1 and K2 and revision of wave angle, followed by verification using results of several physical scale models, in order to enhance the reliability of the modeling and the parameters employed. Finally, reasonable ranges of K values are proposed. For modeling shoreline changes induced by a detached breakwater with normal incident waves, an empirical equation is proposed to determine the K ratio(K2/K1), which offer a useful guide in achieving the results with in a tolerance limits of 12%~-7%. When consider oblique wave incident to single detached breakwater, K1=0.6 is used and the ratio of K2/K1 ≈ 0.25~0.5. For modeling the effect of a single groin, the present study suggests K1=0.6 and K2/K1 ≈ 1~2. On the basis of these principles for setting the K values, the results are then applied to model the shoreline changes due to the installation of detached breakwater and groin.
From the results of this study, for normal wave incident to single detached breakwater, it shows that for a small ratio of the offshore distance to the length of the breakwater S/B or a larger wave height, the salient dimension will increase and wave period has almost no effect on the results produced; for small S/B ratio, the maximum downcoast retreat increase, and its quantity is almost not affected by the wave conditions imposed. For oblique wave incident to single detached breakwater, it shows that for a larger wave angle, a small S/B or a larger wave height, the salient dimension will increase and wave period has almost no effect on the results produced; for larger wave angle or small S/B ratio, the maximum downcoast retreat increase, and its quantity is almost not affected by the wave height and wave period. For modeling the effect of a single groin, it shows that for larger wave angle or length of groin, the maximum downcoast retreat increase, and its quantity is almost not affected by the wave height and wave period.

摘要
ABSTRACT
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄

第一章 緒論
1-1 研究動機
1-2 海岸變遷數值模式
1-3 GENESIS文獻回顧

第二章 長期海岸變遷之基本考量
2-1 基本假設與海岸變遷控制方程式
2-1-1 長期海岸線變遷的基本假設
2-1-2 沿岸漂沙傳輸率
2-2 經驗參數
2-2-1 海灘平均剖面形狀與坡度
2-2-2 漂沙臨界水深
2-3 數值模擬系統
2-3-1 波浪傳遞模式
2-3-2 數值模擬系統穩定性
2-4 岬灣理論
2-4-1 灣岸之穩定性
2-4-2 岬灣經驗公式
2-4-3 靜態平衡岬灣經驗式之工程應用

第三章 GENESIS系統介紹
3-1 GENESIS模式簡介
3-2 GENESIS模式之輸入資料
3-2-1 座標軸與網格格點
3-2-2 原始灘線位置
3-2-3 結構物設置
3-2-4 海底地形與海灘剖面資料
3-2-5 邊界條件設定
3-2-6 波浪資料
3-3 GENESIS模式之執行與輸出

第四章 GENESIS模式驗證
4-1 GENESIS靈敏度分析
4-1-1 模擬灘線長度的設定
4-1-2 波向角的修正
4-1-3 邊界條件的設定
4-1-4 格點間距的設定
4-1-5 K值的設定
4-2 GENESIS模式比較與驗證
4-2-1 GENESIS與靜態岬灣經驗公式比較
4-2-2 GENESIS與其他研究結果之比較
4-3 GENESIS模式與水工模型試驗結果比較
4-3-1 GENESIS模擬Shinohara(1966)之結果
4-3-2 GENESIS模擬Ming and Chiew(2000)之結果
4-3-3 GENESIS模擬Nielsen(2000)之結果
4-3-4 GENESIS模擬Weesakul and Rasmeemasmuang(2002)之結果

第五章 離岸堤背後灘線之模擬
5-1 波浪正向入射對單離岸堤背後灘線之影響
5-1-1 GENESIS模式參數設定
5-1-2 離岸堤長之影響
5-1-3 深海入射波高之影響
5-1-4 波浪週期之影響
5-1-5 綜合討論
5-2 波浪斜向入射對單離岸堤背後灘線之影響
5-2-1 GENESIS模式參數設定
5-2-2 深海波向角之影響
5-2-3 離岸堤長之影響
5-2-4 離岸堤離岸距之影響
5-2-5 深海波高之影響
5-2-6 波浪週期之影響
5-2-7 綜合討論
5-3 GENESIS模式於離岸堤群之應用
5-3-1 GENESIS模式參數設定
5-3-2 結果討論與驗證

第六章 單突堤下游灘線之模擬
6-1 單突堤對灘線變遷之影響
6-1-1 GENESIS模式參數設定
6-1-2 深海波向角之影響
6-1-3 堤長之影響
6-1-4 深海波高之影響
6-1-5 波浪週期之影響
6-2 綜合討論

第七章 結論與建議
7-1 結論
7-2 建議
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