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博碩士論文 etd-0628103-160312 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0628103-160312
論文名稱
Title
南海中新世晚期以來的沉積環境變遷
Variations of Depositional Settings in the South China Sea: Implications Since the Late Neogene Sediments
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
127
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2003-06-18
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-06-28
關鍵字
Keywords
粒徑、元素分析、南海
South China Sea, element analyses, Grain size, summer monsoon
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5826 times, has been downloaded 3025 times.
中文摘要
摘要
南海是位於亞洲季風區的最大邊緣海,同時也是亞洲大陸水氣最主要的來源。其所在的地理環境因受海陸交互作用的影響,以及盆地周圍陸源物質供應豐富,因此可提供高解析度古環境分析的沉積記錄,具有西太平洋古氣候變遷記錄的放大效應。本研究以深海鑽探計畫184航次及德國研究船太陽號所採集的岩心標本,分析細顆粒沉積物(<63 mm)的粒徑大小和利用X光螢光分析法(X –ray fluorescence analysis, XRF)探討元素組成,並配合已有的碳酸鹽含量、沉積速率等數據,探討南海海盆晚中新世(8 Ma)以來的古環境變遷,並進一步評估東亞氣候變遷對南海沉積環境的影響。結果顯示南海南(ODP Site 1143)北(ODP Site 1146)兩岩心沉積記錄在5~3 Ma期間粒徑逐漸變細,黏土顆粒含量相對增加,代表河流沈積含量的Ti/Al亦明顯增加,而風成作用為主的Si/Al、Zr/Al、K/Al則明顯減少,顯示此時南海氣候由乾冷環境逐漸變成暖濕環境。由於西南季風逐漸增強的結果,化學風化也隨之漸強。根據本研究結果與黃土高原紀錄及印度洋岩心紀錄比較,南海晚中新世以來氣候主要受到兩因素影響,分別是西藏高原抬升速度及西太平洋暖池形成。其中約4My前印尼水道的關閉與造成西太平洋暖池的形成,有利於南海夏季季風的增強,帶來豐沛水氣。並推測由於西藏高原的阻隔,使得南方水氣無法送至中亞地區。再加上北半球冰體形成,造成西伯利亞高壓增強,使東北季風增強,可能因此而導致南海與中亞氣候呈現兩種不同的氣候。
Abstract
Abstract
The South China is the largest marginal sea in the western Pacific. It’s unique geographic settings and high sedimentation rates preserve the paleo- climatic signals with larger amplitude than those from the open ocean. In this study, grain size and elemental compositions of the fine fractions (<63 mm) from the sediments collected by the ODP Leg 184 Sites 1143 and 1146 were analyzed to reconstruct the depositional settings for the last 8 My.
Particle size and elements analyses, in conjunction with the carbonate contents and sedimentation rates from core sediments, reflect the possible increase in precipitation, which was caused by the strengthened summer monsoon between 5 and 3 Ma. In addition to the grain sizes change from silt-domain to clay-domain, Ti/Al ratio of sediments increase while the Si/Al, Zr/Al, and K/Al ratios decrease, which could be related to the enhanced sediments input through rivers. These environmental changes could be attributed to the uplift of Tibet plateau and the formation of Western Pacific Warm Pool. On the contrary, the impact of climate changes is not evident in the loess plateau in the northwestern China. It is likely that the climate in the South China Sea became warm and humid from 5 to 3 Ma were regional changes.

Key words: Grain size, element analyses, South China Sea, summer monsoon
目次 Table of Contents
目錄

誌謝 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- I
摘要 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- II
目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ IV
圖目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------- VII
表目錄 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- X
附錄目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------ XI

第一章 諸論 ------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1. 1 前言-------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1. 2 南海環境背景-------------------------------------------------- 2
1. 2.1 地理現況------------------------------------------------ 2
1. 2.2 海氣現況------------------------------------------------ 4
1. 3 前人研究--------------------------------------------------------- 5
1. 3.1 東亞季風變遷------------------------------------------ 5
1. 3.2 古氣候變遷指標------------------------------------- 11
1. 4 研究目的------------------------------------------------------- 14

第二章 研究材料與方法------------------------------------------------- 18
2. 1 研究材料------------------------------------------------------- 18
2. 2 研究方法------------------------------------------------------- 19
2. 2.1 粒徑分析---------------------------------------------- 19
2. 2.2 元素含量分析----------------------------------------- 21
2. 2.3 軌道力參數交頻譜分析------------------------------ 22

第三章 實驗結果---------------------------------------------------------- 25
3. 1 年代建立與沉積速率---------------------------------------- 25
3. 2 粒徑組成變化-------------------------------------------------- 27
3. 2.1 現代南海表層沉積物粒徑分布-------------------- 28
3. 2.2 中新世晚期以來南海沉積物粒徑變化-------------- 28
3. 3 元素含量分析-------------------------------------------------- 35
3. 3.1 現代南海表層沉積物元素組成分佈---------------- 38
3. 3.2 更新世晚期以來南海沉積物元素組成分佈------- 41
3. 3.3 中新世晚期以來南海沉積物元素組成變化-------- 45
3. 4 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡分析--------------------------------------- 56
3. 5 ㄨ-ray繞射礦物定性分析 ----------------------------------- 58
3. 6 碳酸鹽含量與反射率經驗方程式 -------------------------- 61
3. 7 軌道力交頻譜分析-------------------------------------------- 74

第四章 綜合討論---------------------------------------------------------- 79
4. 1 南海沉積物各參數之相關性-------------------------- 79
4. 2 南海沉積物來源與元素組成-------------------------- 86
4. 3 南海中新世晚期以來陸源沉積物組成變化------- 93
4. 4 中新世晚期以來南海氣候變遷之可能原因-------- 98

第五章 結論---------------------------------------------------------- 105

參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------ 107

圖目錄

圖一、南海海底地形和本研究岩心站位圖------------------------------ 3
圖二、南海冬夏季表水溫及表面環流圖--------------------------------- 6
圖三、本研究南海岩心站位、表層洋流及湧升流區域位置圖----- 15
圖四、南海1143、1146岩心沉積速率變化圖-------------------------- 26
圖五、南海表層粒徑分布圖---------------------------------------------- 29
圖六、1143、1146岩心粒徑變化趨勢圖-------------------------------- 30
圖七、1143、1146岩心粒徑組成變化圖-------------------------------- 33
圖八、1143、1146岩心生物源含量變化圖----------------------------- 34
圖九、CaO含量與CaCO3(%)含量相關性圖----------------------- 36
圖十、南海各表層沉積物Al2O3、SiO2、CaO含量比例分布圖------ 39
圖十一、南海各區域表層沉積物主要元素含量比較圖---------------- 40
圖十二、17928、17934及17961岩心的主要元素含量變化---------- 42
圖十三、岩心17928、17934及17961元素含量比值變化圖--------- 44
圖十四、1143、1146岩心沉積物主要元素含量變化--------------------46
圖十五、1143、1146岩心陸源元素相對含量變化-------------------- 48
圖十六、1143、1146岩心紀錄,以及表層沉積物與陸源之元素相對含量變化------------------------------------------------------ 50
圖十七、1143、1146岩心陸源與生物源元素相對含量變化比較---- 54
圖十八、掃描式電子顯微鏡分析照片----------------------------------- 57
圖十九、1143、1146岩心XRD分析結果------------------------------- 59
圖二十、1143、1146岩心CaCO3及TOC含量與反射率的相關性-- 62
圖廿一、1143、1146岩心CaCO3含量估算與實際值相關性及比較- 66
圖廿二、1143、1146岩心CaCO3含量變化,以及有孔蟲殼體d18O和軌道力變化------------------------------------------------ 68
圖廿三、 1143與1146岩心CaCO3含量和軌道力交頻譜分析結果- 75
圖廿四、1143及1146岩心元素EOF分析結果---------------------- 81
圖廿五、1143與1146岩心各元素參數相互關係--------------------- 83
圖廿六、1143與1146岩心粒徑、Si/Al及K/Al變化、CaCO3含量變化與浮游有孔蟲O.u.殼體大小變化比較--------------------- 95
圖廿七、印度洋ODP 116航次岩心黏土組成、氧同位素變化、鍶同位素變化及粒徑變化比較----------------------------- 99
圖廿八、黃土高原的磁化率、d13C與d18O變化----------------- 100

表目錄

表一、本研究南海1143、1146及德國太陽號岩心站位資料-------- 16
表二、本實驗XRF標準品主要及次要元素測值與實際值----------- 37
表三、南海表層沉積物及周圍來源之主要元素含量------------------ 52
表四、1143、1146岩心CaCO3及TOC含量與反射率的相關性---- 64
表五、1143、1146岩心CaCO3含量變化與軌道力交頻譜分析------ 77

附錄目錄

附錄一、現代南海表層沉積物粒徑分布數據---------------------- 113
附錄二、1143、1146岩心沉積物粒徑變化數據---------------------- 114
附錄三、MESS-1、MAG-1標準樣品元素分析數據---------------- 118
附錄四、現代南海表層沉積物元素分析分布數據------------------- 119
附錄五、德國太陽號岩心元素含量數據----------------------------- 121
附錄六、1143、1146岩心沉積物岩心元素含量數據---------------- 123
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