澎湖南方四島海域海洋生物多樣性高，珊瑚覆蓋率佳，顯示水文環境上有其優勢之處。本研究藉由定點水下攝影觀測解析覆蓋率及分析鄰近測站之海流、溫度、鹽度等，找出此區域有利珊瑚生長之環境因子；海流觀測，結果顯示垂直結構尚無明顯分層，主要呈現往復之潮汐運動，漲潮由南向北流，退潮由北向南流，滿潮時海水上下溫差大，表層水暖，底層水冷，乾潮時海水上下溫差不明顯；鹽度介於32.7~34.6‰，水團特性屬南海水；底質方面在島周邊主要以礫石、礁石為主，石珊瑚主要分布在島周圍較淺的礁石區域，覆蓋率與水深(光度)有關，水深30公尺以內，珊瑚普遍生長良好；軟珊瑚分布較不受水深限制。以EOF分析各種類覆蓋率及水文因子，第一模態顯示石珊瑚及軟珊瑚與海流速率呈現反相，速度越大長得越少，主要分布在10米以淺；第二模態顯示石珊瑚與海流速率相關不明顯，但與沙及岩石同相；第三模態顯示軟珊瑚與海流速率有關，與石珊瑚無關。另外，PCA分析呈現石珊瑚覆蓋率與第二模態有良好相關，主導因子為水深與礁岩，礫石則不利於珊瑚生長。

This study was conducted to understand the relationship of coral reefs coverage rates to the hydrographic environments and benthic habitats at Penghu Southern Four Islands. Field observations were conducted in 2012 using hydrographic instruments and a tow camera at 13 selected sites. Analysis of observed data revealed that the currents were dominated by tides, southward in ebb and northward in flood. The surface water temperature was 24℃ in May and 27℃ in September, and is about 20℃ in both season near the bottom. Salinity ranged 32.7~34.6‰, which mostly originated from SCS. The geology background of southern Penghu was volcanic basalt. The observed benthic types were dominated by rock in the shallow water around the islands. Sandy bottom and gravel/pebbles were observed in the deeper water. The bottom habitats were mainly hard corals in the rocky substrate. A few soft corals can be found in the deeper gravel bottom. Statistics suggest that the bottom coverage rate of corals is related to water depth (light). It appears that the coral reef grows very well in the rocky bottom at less than 30 m. EOF analysis using parameters including coral reefs coverage rate, hydrographic data, and benthic habitats. The resulting first EOF mode shows that the hard corals and soft corals are negatively correlated with current speed. PCA analysis shows that the second mode is highly correlated with the occupation of hard corals. The water depth and rocky bottom are major factors controlling the coverage rates of hard corals.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖次 viii
表次 xiv
第一章、 緒論 1
1-1. 前言 1
1-2. 研究區域簡介 2
1-3. 文獻回顧 4
1-4. 研究目的 7
第二章、 研究方法與資料來源 8
第三章、 資料處理與分析 14
3-1. 水下攝影資料 14
3-2. ADCP資料 16
3-3. CTD資料 16
3-4. 錨碇溫度資料 17
第四章、 結果與討論 19
4-1. 流場分析 19
4-1.1. ADCP 掃測資料垂直剖面 19
4-1.2. 漲、退潮海流 22
4-2. 海表溫度鹽度分布 26
4-3. 水溫垂直時空變化 31
4-4. 棲地分類 38
4-4.1. 澎湖南方四島 38
4-4.2. 東沙環礁外東側 41
4-5. 水深與珊瑚覆蓋率 44
4-6. 水溫與珊瑚覆蓋率 46
4-7. 覆蓋率與EOF分析 47
第五章、 結論 57
參考文獻 59

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