尿路上皮細胞癌又稱之為移行上皮癌，可能發生於輸尿管、腎盂、膀胱等部位，因而造成所謂的輸尿管癌、腎盂癌、膀胱癌，其中又以膀胱癌所佔的比例居多，因此膀胱尿路上皮癌 (英文全名， UBUC) 是最常見的泌尿道惡性腫瘤。儘管現今的醫療技術十分進步，以及多元化的治療方法，若為非侵襲性的癌細胞且只侵犯到肌肉層的話，其5年平均存活率約為70%左右。反之，屬於侵襲性的癌細胞，儘管利用外科手術將病灶切除，進行化學治療或是放射線治療，經過統計仍有超過50%的侵襲性癌細胞會轉移到其他的器官，且一旦發生癌細胞轉移，其5年平均存活率大約僅剩6%。但是到目前為止，研究學者仍未發現任何的預後因子。BCL6被稱為前致癌基因，其作用為抑制細胞核的轉錄作用，並且會抑制DNA的修補和TP53的蛋白活性。在某些研究已經證實BCL6基因在不同癌症中，扮演的角色也有所不同。因此，本實驗研究方向為利用膀胱癌細胞株J82和BFTC905，探討BCL6基因之表現對於下游基因CDC42和BAX基因的調控機制，進而抑制下游基因的轉錄作用，接著分析對於細胞凋亡之路徑的影響。

Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC), as transitional cell carcinoma, is a type of cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system: the ureter, renal pelvis, urinary bladder, and accessory organs. It is the most common type of bladder cancer and cancer of the ureter, and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the renal pelvis. Among which the proportion of the majority of bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Despite improvements in surgical techniques and multimodal therapy, however, the 5-year survival rate for non-invasive tumors approaches 70%, it is relatively higher than the muscle-invasive stage tumors.
In spite of radical cystectomy in conjunction with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, more than 50% of invasive tumors eventually spread to distant organs. The 5-year survival rate for patients with distant metastasis is only about 6%. The current challenge in the management of urinary bladder carcinoma is the lack of powerful prognostic markers and promising therapeutic agents. The BCL6 proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear transcriptional repressor, it inhibits DNA repair pathways and TP53 protein. Several studies have demonstrated that BCL6 plays a role in different cancer types. Therefore, we tend to study on the roles of BCL6 gene regulatory mechanisms of CDC42 and BAX in UBUC. We want to use modulate the BCL6 expression to observe the expression of related genes, CDC42 and BAX gene, and the effect of cell apoptosis. Consequently, the BCL6 may become an novel prognostic marker of UBUC.

誌謝..………………………………………………………………………………...i
中文摘要...…………………………………………………………………..……...ii
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………..……..iii
英文縮寫表………………………………………………………………….……....iv
圖次……..……………………………………………………………………...……vi
表次……..……………………………………………………………………...……vii

壹、緒論 ( Introduction )…………………………………………………..………....1
貳、實驗材料及方法 ( Materials and methods )…………………………...........12
参、結果 ( Results )………………………………………………………………....28
肆、討論 ( Discussion )………..……………………………………………….......43
伍、參考文獻 ( Reference )…………………………..…………………………..…45
附錄………………………..………………………..………………………….….....50

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