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論文名稱 Title |
超音波換能器之切換迴授鎖頻驅動設計 Resonance-Tracking Relay-Feedback Drive of Ultrasonic Transducer |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
64 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2016-07-19 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2016-07-28 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
FPGA、切換迴授、超音波換能器、相位修正、脈衝寬度調變 PWM, FPGA, phase correction, relay feedback, ultrasonic transducer |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5669 次,被下載 99 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5669 times, has been downloaded 99 times. |
中文摘要 |
本論文採用切換迴授法應用於超音波換能器鎖頻驅動,能夠適用驅動超音波範圍為20 kHz-60 kHz。與一般超音波驅動法不同在於以此方法能夠使驅動頻率自動追隨共振頻率快速鎖頻,故在動態負載的情況下以此方法仍有很好的鎖頻效果。 加入控制器修正電壓及電流相位,使電壓及電流相位一致,並以脈衝寬度調變來消除特定諧波。本文所設計的開關切換迴授演算法皆利用可程式化閘陣(Field programmable gate array, FPGA)來實現。 |
Abstract |
This thesis utilizes the relay feedback approach to designing a resonance- tracking driver for ultrasonic transducers of different frequencies ranging from 20 kHz to 60 kHz. The driver connected with the transducer in a feedback loop constitutes a relay feedback system, which automatically oscillates and generates sinusoidal driving voltage right at the targeted resonant frequency of the transducer, thereby achieving better transducer efficiency. The driver mainly consists of an FPGA and a class-D power amplifier. The contribution of this thesis is to design the algorithms on the FPGA. The algorithms include a tunable bandpass filter, a tunable delay, and an optimal pulse width modulator, which together make the relay feedback driver more intelligent and more precise. |
目次 Table of Contents |
論文審定書 i 致謝 ii 摘要 iii Abstract iv 目錄 v 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 ix 第一章 超音波驅動簡介 1 1.1 換能器阻抗特性 1 1.2 鎖頻方法回顧 3 1.3 切換迴授鎖頻的設計問題 5 第二章 切換迴授鎖頻方法的改良 8 2.1 輸入濾波限制鎖頻頻率 8 2.1.1 限制驅動頻率方法 8 2.1.2 帶通濾波器設計 10 2.2 輸出波形調變抑制諧波 17 2.2.1 週期方波分析 19 2.1.2 三脈波PWM切換諧波分析 20 2.2.3 諧波成分比較分析 22 第三章 相位自動修正提高驅動功率因數 26 3.1 利用迴路延遲修正相位 26 3.2 積分控制器修正相位誤差 28 第四章FPGA實現開關迴授鎖頻 31 4.1 程式架構圖 31 4.2 帶通濾波器程式規劃 32 4.3 PWM切換波形實現 35 4.4 實現積分器補償相位 39 4.5 量測結果 42 4.5.1 諧波抑制效果比較 43 4.5.2 積分控制修正相位效果比較 45 4.5.3 切換迴授驅動鎖頻效果量測 47 4.5.4 切換迴授法與鎖相迴路法驅動比較 49 第五章 結論與問題探討 52 參考文獻 53 |
參考文獻 References |
[1] 鄭振東, 超音波工程, 全華科技圖書, 1999. [2] L. J. Smith, “Use of phase-locked-loop control for driving ultrasonic transducers,” NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, United States, 1966. [3] Q. Li, L. Zhu and F. Wang, “Design of ultrasonics generator based on DDS and PLL technology,” Int. Symp. High Density Packaging and Microsystem Integration, pp. 1–4, 2007. [4] S. H. Yu, Y. F. Hsieh, P. Y. Lai, Y. L. Chen, C. P. Yang and P. K. Lin, “FPGA-based resonant-frequency-tracking power amplifier for ultrasonic transducer,” Proc. International Conference on AE, Pilsen, Czech Republic, pp. 285-288, Sept. 2015. [5] J. Aldrich, S. Sherrit, X. Bao, Y. Bar-Cohen, M. Badescu and Z. Chang, “Extremum-seeking control for an ultrasonic/sonic driller/corer (USDC) driven at high-power,” Proc. of SPIE. Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control, vol. 6166, pp. 616618, Mar. 2006. [6] B. Mortimer, T. du Bruyn, J. Davies and J. Tapson, “High power resonant tracking amplifier using admittance locking,” Ultrasonics, vol. 39, pp. 257-261, 2001. [7] V. I. Babitsky, V. K. Astashev and A. N. Kalashnikov, “Autoresonant control of nonlinear mode in ultrasonic transducer for machining applications,” Ultrasonics, vol. 42, pp. 29–35, 2004. [8] S. Voronina and V. Babitsky, “Autoresonant control strategies of loaded ultrasonic transducer for machining applications,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 313, pp. 395–417, 2008. [9] Jean-Jacques E. Slotine and W. P. Li, Applied Nonlinear Control. Englewood Cliff: Prentice Hall, 1991. [10] A. Gelb and W. E. Vander Velde, Multiple-Input Describing Functions and Nonlinear System Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968. [11] K. J. Åström and B. Wittenmark, Adaptive Control. Canada: Addison Publishing, 1995. [12] Y. Z. Tsypkin, Relay Control System. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984. [13] V. Kudjak, Z. Brezovic, M. Minarik, I. Balaz and J. Olexa, “Experimental investigation of the impact of phase vs. frequency characteristic properties on steady state oscillation existence in feedback oscillators,” proc. of IEEE 23th Conference Radioelektronika, pp. 209-212, Apr. 2013. [14] J. D. Irwin and R. M. Nelms, Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, 10th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. [15] Leland B. Jacksin, Digital Filters and Signal Processing: With MATLAB Exercises, 3rd ed. New York: Springer, 1996. [16] D. K. Jeong, J. H. Kim, Ho. S. Kim, J. W. Baek and H. J. Kim, “High power ultrasonic transducer with LLCC resonant converter using digital control algorithm,” proc. IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, pp. 1686-1689, 2015. [17] E. Koutroulis, A. Dollas and K. Kalaitzakis, “High-frequency pulse width modulation implementation using FPGA and CPLD ICs,” Journal of Systems Architecture, vol. 52, pp. 332–344, 2006. [18] A. Tangel , M. Yakut, E. Afacan, U. Güvenç and H. Şengül, “An FPGA- based multiple-output PWM pulse generator for ultrasonic cleaning machines,” in proc. International Conference on AE, pp. 1-4, Sept. 2010. [19] Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. |
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