本論文之目的為探討螺栓鎖緊壓力變化(5-20MPa)對質子交換膜燃料電池發電效率的影響，其中以氣體擴散層的接觸電阻值和多孔性之重大影響視為主要參數來判斷，並透過有限元素法為基礎的軟體ANSYS 15.0建立其三維模型，建立之電池堆由一至四顆電池堆疊組成，接著透過電化學分析軟體Fluent 15.0，進一步探討螺栓鎖緊壓力變化對質子交換膜燃料電池發電效率之影響。
質子交換膜燃料電池模型是由端板、集電器、雙極板、質子交換膜、觸媒層和氣體擴散層所組成。本論文使用之反應區域為9cm^2，電池堆設計則是將每片膜電極組之兩側連結雙極板，相互串聯組合而成之電池堆，且由8組螺栓與螺帽鎖緊固定，先將螺帽固定，並藉由ANSYS內建的Bolt Pretension功能於螺栓上施加螺栓鎖緊壓力。由模擬結果得知，氣體擴散層之接觸電阻和多孔性均會隨著螺栓鎖緊壓力的增加而減少，當鎖緊壓力由5MPa增加至20MPa下，串連一至四顆電池堆之氣體擴散層接觸電阻平均降低了61.07%，可以減少歐姆損失，進而提升質子交換膜燃料電池的發電效率，然而氣體擴散層之多孔性平均降低了18.84%，將增加氣體穿透阻力，因而使質子交換膜燃料電池之發電效率下降。串連一至四顆電池堆之電池結構在螺栓鎖緊壓力由5MPa增加至20MPa下，發電效率平均提升約了21.1%。最後，可以發現在串聯一至四顆電池堆結構中，最佳鎖緊壓力皆發生在鎖緊壓力為10MPa時，在此鎖緊壓力下，不僅有最佳的導電率，同時氣體傳輸阻力也不大，具有較低的接觸電阻與良好的多孔性結果，進而獲得各電池結構之最大功率密度。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bolt pre-loading variation (5-20MPa) on the efficiency of PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell). In this work, the value of contact resistance and porosity of GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) are the important factors to judge performance. A 3D FEM (Finite Element Method) model of a complete PEMFC stack was developed incorporated with the commercial software ANSYS 15.0. This stack consisted of one to four cells, and then explored the effect of bolt pre-loading variation on the efficiency of PEMFC with the electrochemical simulation Fluent 15.0.
The PEMFC module with an active area of 9cm^2 were composed of end plates, current collectors, bipolar plates, membrane, catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layer. And a PEMFC stack was assembled from a number of repeated units of membrane electrolyte assembly (MEAs) and bipolar plates. All elements were fixed by 8 pairs of bolts and nuts. The fixed nuts and bolts were pre-tensioned by the ANSYS built-in function. From the results of analysis, both contact resistance and porosity of GDL were decreased with the increasing of bolt pre-loading. In a 1-4cell PEMFC, the contact resistance was decreased 61.07%. The decreasing of contact resistance can lead to the ohmic losses and the increase of efficiency for PEMFC. However, the porosity was decreased 18.84%. The decrease of porosity of GDL will lead to the increase of resistance of permeability and result in the reduction of efficiency for PEMFC. The power density of the 1-4cell module was increased by 21.1% while the bolt pre-loading increasing. It is found that the bolt pre-loading of 10MPa is an optimal value for each fuel cell system. Then, we not only get the best conductivity, but also increase the gas transmission resistance. That provides the combination of low contact resistance and good porosity can obtain the maximum power density.

論文審定書+i
論文公開授權書+ii
誌謝+iii
摘要+iv
Abstract+v
目錄+vi
圖目錄+viii
表目錄+x
第一章 緒論+1
1.1前言+1
1.2燃料電池的發展+1
1.2.1燃料電池的種類+3
1.2.2質子交換膜燃料電池之特點+4
1.2.3質子交換膜燃料電池構造+5
1.2.4質子交換膜燃料電池工作原理+6
1.3文獻回顧+7
1.3.1外在操作條件對質子交換膜燃料電池性能之影響+7
1.3.2組裝壓力或結構改變對燃料電池性能之影響+9
1.3.3雙極板對質子交換膜燃料電池性能之影響+12
1.3.4電池堆結構對燃料電池性能之影響+14
1.4研究動機與目的+17
1.5全文架構+17
第二章 燃料電池堆模型的建立與理論分析+27
2.1研究流程+27
2.2基本假設+27
2.3建立模型與相關設定+28
2.3.1模型結構+28
2.3.2有限元素/體積分析+29
2.3.3邊界條件與負載+30
2.4氣體擴散層之接觸電阻計算+31
2.5氣體擴散層之多孔性計算+32
第三章 模擬分析結果+41
3.1收斂性分析+41
3.2模擬驗證+43
3.3質子交換膜燃料電池之溫度分析+43
3.4分析氣體擴散層之應力及應變+44
3.5氣體擴散層之接觸電阻與多孔性數值+44
3.6螺栓鎖緊壓力對於不同結構的質子交換膜燃料電池之發電效率+45
第四章 討論+61
4.1螺栓鎖緊壓力變化於電池溫度分布之影響+61
4.2螺栓鎖緊力變化對氣體擴散層之應力及應變分布之影響+62
4.3氣體擴散層之接觸電阻與多孔性變化討論+63
4.4不同電池結構對氣體擴散層特性之影響+64
4.5螺栓鎖緊壓力變化於反應氣體分布之影響+65
4.6螺栓鎖緊壓力變化於電流密度分布之影響+66
4.7螺栓鎖緊壓力對於質子交換膜燃料電池堆發電效率之提升與優化+67
第五章 結論與未來展望+91
5.1結論+91
5.2未來展望+93
參考文獻+94

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