聲波在海洋中具有良好的傳導性，因此被應用在水中探測及訊號傳遞方面。而在這些應用中，大致會接收到輻射噪音、自有噪音、迴響噪音、目標噪音以及環境噪音等訊號，這些訊號對於通訊、探測等水下聲學的應用會有許多影響，因此有不少人研究水下噪音，建立出許多數學及物理模式以改良其應用。根據過去研究，水下噪音中又以環境噪音最為複雜，研究到了現今，環境噪音仍有未知的參數，許多都是難以用人力行為去控制。所以為了要提高水下通訊與探測的品質，加強對環境噪音的了解成為一種重要的方法，也因此人類對環境噪音的探討不斷地進行著。在環境噪音的聲源中，風浪噪音不但聲音大，而且頻率範圍廣，是在量測聲音的過程中最容易被接收到的噪音。
為了對風速噪音有所了解，本論文首先將過去文獻作一番整理，找出物理機制和數學模式上的相關性。論文除了討論物理和數學方面的理論之外，並在西子灣海域中建立一個環境噪音量測系統，且於岸上建立風速量測系統，將兩者所接收到的資料進行統計分析。在眾多風和環境噪音的關係之中，風越大會有環境噪音越大的現象，但並非任何強弱的風速皆會對環境噪音產生影響，風必須大到某程度才會使環境噪音有明顯的變化。而且達到足夠的強度之後，風速亦不是即時產生噪音，會有經過一段時間之後，環境噪音才會產生。因此在數值的探討中，本論文提供一個以統計方法，針對風速的延遲效應做解析，並且尋找門檻風速。

Sound waves are highly conductive in the ocean; therefore, they are used in underwater detection and signal transmission. During these applications, we may receive some signals, such as radiated noise, self-noise, reverberation noise, target noise, and ambient noise. These signals are influential in the application of underwater acoustics, so many people study underwater noise and create numerous mathematical and physical models in order to improve the applications. According to the past researches, ambient noise is the most complicated one among all the other underwater noise. Until now, there are still some unknown factors in the ambient noise study, many of which are too intricate to be modulated. Accordingly, it is very important to know more about the ambient noise for the enhancing of the quality of underwater communication and detection, which is the reason why people keep researching on ambient noise. Among all kinds of ambient noise, wind-generated noise is not only loud in volume, but also wide in frequency scale, which makes it the most detectable noise during sound detection.
In order to understand wind-generated noise, we have compiled past papers first to look for the correlation between physical mechanisms and models of mathematics. In addition, we have constructed a measuring system for underwater sound in the ocean and another measuring system for wind on land. Data from the two measuring system were analyzed by statistics. One of the correlations between wind and ambient noise is that the stronger wind appears, the louder ambient noise is generated. But wind does not always generate ambient noise; it has to be strong enough to generate ambient noise. However, even when the wind is strong enough, ambient noise is not generated immediately, but with a delay. By analyzing the data, we have not only proved the credibility of the data from the old researches, but also presented a method of statistics for analyzing the wind delay effect, and the minimum velocities of wind which generates ambient noise.

目錄
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………1
1.1海洋環境噪音………………………………………………2
1.2風與海洋環境噪音…………………………………………3
1.3風的延遲效應………………………………………………3
1.4研究目的……………………………………………………6
第二章 研究理論…………………………………………………8
2.1風速與浪之關連……………………………………………8
2.2碎浪與聲音的成因…………………………………………12
2.3氣泡的物理特性……………………………………………15
第三章 實驗方法…………………………………………………19
3.1風速量測……………………………………………………19
3.2環境噪音量測………………………………………………23
3.3數據分析……………………………………………………25
3.3.1相關係數……………………………………………26
3.3.2迴歸曲線……………………………………………27
3.4訊號處理……………………………………………………28
第四章 量測與分析………………………………………………30
4.1軟體設定與校正……………………………………………30
4.2聲音記錄……………………………………………………31
4.2.1船舶噪音……………………………………………33
4.2.2雨……………………………………………………35
4.2.3脈衝聲音……………………………………………37
4.2.4人為訊號……………………………………………39
4.2.5湧浪…………………………………………………40
第五章 結果與討論………………………………………………42
5.1風速與環境噪音的比對……………………………………43
5.2延遲時間的探討……………………………………………44
5.3迴歸曲線……………………………………………………46
5.4產生環境噪音的有效風速…………………………………52
5.5風向…………………………………………………………56
5.6結論與討論…………………………………………………61
參考文獻……………………………………………………………63
附錄…………………………………………………………………65

圖目錄
圖1.1 水下噪音分類圖…………………………………………1
圖1.2 風與遠距船舶交通噪音…………………………………3
圖1.3 斐濟海盆風速與環境噪音記錄圖………………………4
圖1.4 在不同深度與風速的300 Hz環境噪音…………………5
圖1.5 北太平洋風速與噪音記錄………………………………6
圖2.1 能量傳遞機制……………………………………………8
圖2.2 波浪分析…………………………………………………9
圖2.3 SMB風浪預報曲線圖……………………………………9
圖2.4 波浪推算曲線圖…………………………………………11
圖2.5 碎浪形成圖………………………………………………13
圖2.6 圖示造浪流程……………………………………………14
圖2.7 造浪與水下麥克風實驗環境示意圖……………………14
圖2.8 氣泡分佈及其產生之SPL…….…………………………15
圖2.9 單一氣泡破裂之聲音頻譜圖……………………………16
圖2.10 氣泡半徑與環境噪音頻率關係圖………………………17
圖3.1 硬體設備連接示意圖……………………………………19
圖3.2 YOUNG Model 05103 風速計……………………………20
圖3.3 CR510資料記錄器…………………………………………21
圖3.4 風速資料前處理…………………………………………22
圖3.5 風速資料比對圖…………………………………………22
圖3.6 水下麥克風架設…………………………………………24
圖3.7 聲音訊號的前處理………………………………………24
圖3.8 風速資料與環境噪音資料取樣示意圖…………………26
圖3.9 風速與環境噪音之迴歸曲線與信賴區間………………28
圖3.10 相關係數程式流程圖……………………………………29
圖4.1 背景噪音…………………………………………………32
圖4.2 背景噪音（重點頻率取樣）……………………………33
圖4.3 船隻噪音（取樣之一）…………………………………34
圖4.4 船隻噪音（取樣之二）…………………………………35
圖4.5 雨天噪音頻譜記錄………………………………………36
圖4.6 脈衝聲音…………………………………………………38
圖4.7 高頻信號頻譜圖（取樣之一）…………………………39
圖4.8 高頻信號頻譜圖（取樣之二）…………………………40
圖4.9 無風速記錄與高風速記錄………………………………41
圖5.1 6月13日早上之部分風速記錄……………………………42
圖5.2 水下環境噪音記錄………………………………………43
圖5.3 風速與環境噪音取樣比對………………………………44
圖5.4 延遲時間的估計..………………………………………45
圖5.5 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（200 Hz）……………………46
圖5.6 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（600 Hz）……………………47
圖5.7 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（1,000 Hz）…………………47
圖5.8 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（1,400 Hz）…………………48
圖5.9 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（1,800 Hz）…………………48
圖5.10 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（2,200 Hz）…………………49
圖5.11 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（2,600 Hz）…………………49
圖5.12 風速與噪音之迴歸曲線（3,000 Hz）…………………50
圖5.13 La Jolla Shores海灘的風速與水下環境噪音關連……51
圖5.14 產生環境噪音之初始風速估算流程圖…………………52
圖5.15 以取樣累積次數尋找相關係數…………………………53
圖5.16 以風速為橫軸觀察相關係數……………………………54
圖5.17 圖5.16相關係數變化之局部放大……………………55
圖5.18 風向與環境噪音記錄 （200 Hz）………………………56
圖5.19 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（200 Hz）………………57
圖5.20 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（600 Hz）………………57
圖5.21 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（1,000 Hz）……………58
圖5.22 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（1,400 Hz）……………58
圖5.23 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（1,800 Hz）……………59
圖5.24 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（2,200 Hz）……………59
圖5.25 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（2,600 Hz）……………60
圖5.26 南北風向與環境噪音相關圖（3,000 Hz）……………60

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