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博碩士論文 etd-0629103-204502 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0629103-204502
論文名稱
Title
保全人員工作價值觀對工作態度影響之研究-以台灣南部地區從業人員為例
The effects of work values on work attitudes--The study of private security guards in the southern part of Taiwan
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
117
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2003-06-02
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-06-29
關鍵字
Keywords
組織承諾、保全人員、工作態度、工作價值觀、工作滿足
work values, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job attitude, Private Security guard
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5714 times, has been downloaded 7529 times.
中文摘要
論文摘要

保全業在台灣發展已有二十五的歷史,保全人員對社會的貢獻,除了補助警力不足,也增加就業的機會,即使台灣近年來受到經濟不景氣的影響,大部分產業的就業人數呈現負成長,然而屬於服務業的保全業對保全人員的需求卻大於市場供給。保全業目前面臨流動率高的問題,由於保全業的經營發展尚未成熟,組織制度並不健全,所僱用的保全人員來歷背景差異大,很多教育程度較低、或中高年失業者皆選擇此份工作以解決經濟問題,然而對此份工作日後卻產生自我志趣不合或身心適應不良狀況,如此皆會影響保全人員的工作滿足和組織承諾。目前國內外對保全業的研究少有針對行為面及量化的調查,因此本研究嘗試分析並瞭解目前保全人員所持有的工作價值觀為何,並探討他們的工作滿足和組織承諾,以及工作價值觀對工作滿足及組織承諾的影響;而本研究考量保全人員中絕大多數為中高年者,因此在探討員工的年齡別時,參考行政院主計處的分類方式,分成青少年、壯年、中高年及老年。問卷發放的對象以台灣南部地區的保全人員為主,共發出1,726份問卷,有效回收問卷為976份;經由交叉次數表、描述性統計、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數、層級迴歸等統計分析後,得到主要結果如下:

一、保全人員大部分為再度就業,過去擔任非主管職者多,以往工作年資多為15年以下,過去從事產業別以服務部門為主,離開上次工作的原因,整體而言以自願離職佔多數,而中高年則以結束營業為首因,目前就業原因大多為家庭經濟基本需求。

二、保全人員重視程度最高的工作價值觀為「組織安全與經濟取向」,最低為「安定與免於焦慮取向」;工作滿足以「內在滿足」最高,「外在滿足」最低;組織承諾則以「情感性承諾」最高,「持續性承諾」最低。

三、擔任保全人員所需具備的工作價值觀,為較高程度的「社會互動取向」,較低程度的「安定與免於焦慮取向」,保全業主招募徵選人員時,可利用工作價值觀作為輔助工具。

四、擔任保全工作的中高年員工,相較於年輕員工,有較高的「情感性承諾」和「規範性承諾」,此一發現可以作為保全業主在僱用人力時的考量。

五、工作價值觀中的「自我實現取向、尊嚴取向、安定與免於焦慮取向」對「工作滿足」各構面有正向的影響;「組織安全與經濟取向」對「工作滿足」各構面皆有負向的影響。「尊嚴取向」對「組織承諾」各構面有正向的影響;「社會互動取向」對「情感性承諾」有正向的影響;「安定與免於焦慮取向」對「情感性承諾」有負向的影響,對「持續性承諾」則為正向的影響。保全業主可以針對這些方面,修正相關政策,以提升員工工作態度。

關鍵詞:保全人員、工作價值觀、工作態度、工作滿足、組織承諾





Abstract
Abstract

The history of Private Security Industry in Taiwan has been twenty-five years till now. Private security guards are not only the major support to governmental police force but also the labor market in demand now in spite of the work force surplus in other industries caused by economic depression. The development of private security industry is still at developing stage so that some organizations’ policies and systems are not complete and sound enough. In addition, the demographics of employees in this industry are different from those in others. Majority of them are low-level educational or unemployed older workers. They chose this low entry-barrier occupation in order to solve economic plight but find no aspiration for or don’t adapt to this position after working for a while. The issues discussed above have been affected private security guards’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Few of the foreign and domestic studies on private security industry focused on behavioral issue and were conducted quantitatively. The purposes of this study were to measure work values, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of private security guards and to examine the effect of work values on those two work attitudes. Due to most of private security guards are older workers, in this study age has divided into four categories with the reference of the Bureau of Accounting & Statistics as following: young aged(below 25), middle aged(26-45), senior aged(46-65), and old aged(above 66). Data collected from a questionnaire survey of 967 private security guards in southern part of Taiwan was analyzed using the statistical techniques of crosstab, descriptive statistics analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression. The results indicates:

1.Most of private security guards are reemployed; most of their previous positions are at non-managerial levels; previous tenure are mainly below 15 years; most of them engaged in service industry; the main reason of last separation for all of them was voluntary separation, but for the senior aged it was factory or business shut down; the first reason of present employment is basically to support family economy.

2.Private security guards emphasize most on the work value of “the orientation of organizational security and economy” but least on “the orientation of stability and free from anxiety ”; they have greatest “intrinsic job satisfaction” but least “extrinsic job satisfaction”; they have highest “affective commitment” but lowest “continuous commitment”.

3.The occupation of a private security guard should possesses the work values of higher “orientation of social interaction” and lower “orientation of stability and free from anxiety”. Employers might take the work values orientation into consideration in the process of recruiting and selecting.

4.Senior aged private security guards have higher affective commitment and normative commitment than the young and middle aged.

5.Among work values, “the orientation of self-realization, the orientation of esteem, and the orientation of stability and free from anxiety” had significant positive effect on job satisfaction; “the orientation of organizational security and economy” had significant negative effect on job satisfaction; “the orientation of esteem” has significant positive effect on organizational commitment; “the orientation of social interaction” had significant positive effect on affective commitment; “the orientation of stability and free from anxiety” had significant negative effect on affective commitment, but significant positive effect on continuous commitment. Private security company employers might regard these findings as the direction of modifying organization policies to improve employee’s work attitudes.

Key words: Private Security guard, work values, job attitude, job satisfaction, organizational commitment





目次 Table of Contents
目 錄
目錄………………………………………………………………………………I
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………II
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………III
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景……………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究動機……………………………………………………………1
第三節 研究目的……………………………………………………………4
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………5
第一節 工作價值觀…………………………………………………………5
第二節 工作態度……………………………………………………………20
一、 工作滿足……………………………………………………………20
二、 組織承諾……………………………………………………………27
第三節 工作價值觀、工作滿足、及組織承諾……………………………36
第三章 研究方法……………………………………………………………40
第一節 研究架構……………………………………………………………40
第二節 研究假設……………………………………………………………41
第三節 研究變項之操作型定義及衡量工具………………………………42
第四節 研究對象……………………………………………………………48
第五節 資料分析方法………………………………………………………50
第六節 研究限制……………………………………………………………52
第四章 研究結果與分析……………………………………………………53
第一節 保全人員目前就業狀況……………………………………………53
第二節 各研究變項之描述性統計…………………………………………55
第三節 人口統計變項與工作價值觀、工作滿足、組織承諾之差異分析57
第四節 工作價值觀對工作滿足、組織承諾的影響………………………74
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………………84
第一節 結論…………………………………………………………………84
第二節 建議…………………………………………………………………90
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………93
附錄:研究問卷………………………………………………………………101

表目錄
表2-1 工作價值觀的定義……………………………………………………6
表2-2 Super工作價值觀各項度之內涵………………………………………8
表2-3 Elizur工作價值觀的分類及內涵……………………………………11
表2-4 運用吳鐵雄等人之工作價值觀量表的研究…………………………18
表3-1 工作價值觀量表各構面之信度………………………………………45
表3-2 工作滿足量表各構面之信度…………………………………………46
表3-3 組織承諾量表各構面之信度…………………………………………47
表3-4 問卷收發情形…………………………………………………………48
表3-5 有效樣本之分佈情形…………………………………………………50
表4-1 重新分組年齡類別……………………………………………………53
表4-2 保全人員就業情形……………………………………………………54
表4-3 保全人員工作價值觀各構面的得分狀況表…………………………56
表4-4 保全人員工作滿足各構面的得分狀況表……………………………57
表4-5 保全人員組織承諾各構面的得分狀況表……………………………57
表4-6 人口統計變項與「自我成長取向」之關係…………………………59
表4-7 人口統計變項與「自我實現取向」之關係…………………………60
表4-8 人口統計變項與「尊嚴取向」之關係………………………………61
表4-9 人口統計變項與「社會互動取向」之關係…………………………62
表4-10 人口統計變項與「組織安全與經濟取向」之關係…………………63
表4-11 人口統計變項與「安定與免於焦慮取向」之關係…………………64
表4-12 人口統計變項與「休閒健康與交通取向」之關係…………………65
表4-13人口統計變項與「內在滿足」之關係…………………………………67
表4-14 人口統計變項與「外在滿足」之關係………………………………68
表4-15 人口統計變項與「一般滿足」之關係………………………………69
表4-16 人口統計變項與「情感性承諾」之關係……………………………71
表4-17 人口統計變項與「持續性承諾」之關係……………………………72
表4-18 人口統計變項與「規範性承諾」之關係……………………………73
表4-19 人口統計變項與工作價值觀、工作滿足、組織承諾關係之彙整…74
表4-20 工作價值觀對工作滿足的層級迴歸分析……………………………77
表4-21 工作價值觀對組織承諾的層級迴歸分析……………………………80
表5-1 保全業的實務運作與研究發現之彙整………………………………88

目錄
圖3-1本研究之架構……………………………………………………………40

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