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博碩士論文 etd-0629104-111148 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0629104-111148
論文名稱
Title
以蜂巢式觸媒氧化氣相異丙醇之研究
The Study of Catalytic Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol in an Air Stream over Honeycomb Catalyst
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
189
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2004-06-02
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2004-06-29
關鍵字
Keywords
含浸法、蜂巢式觸媒、異丙醇、反應動力式、共沉澱法
kinetic models, activity、selectivity, impregnation method, Isopropyl Alcohol
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
摘要
異丙醇是無色、易燃的液體、具有特殊氣味,可與水、酒精、乙醚、丙酮,與大部份有機溶劑混合,但不溶於鹽溶液中。為可燃性物質,燃燒後可能產生刺激性或毒性的氣體。皮膚吸收或由肺吸入可能導致中毒,蒸氣會引起頭昏甚至窒息。可用來製造丙酮和酚,也可應用在光電業、半導體業、表面塗料、合成樹脂、製造業、個人保養用品及化妝品等方面。

本研究以自製的觸媒氧化氣相異丙醇,探討觸媒之效能,並藉由操作因子的變動,觀察其對異丙醇轉化率之影響,再者進行活性衰退實驗,連續七天的反應觀察是否有轉化率衰退之情形,並藉由儀器的表面分析,探討衰退實驗前後之差別。最後則是進行反應動力之推導。

第一階段的研究目的為觸媒製備方法之篩選,本研究選用共沉澱法、蒸氣含浸法、臨界含浸法三種方法來製作觸媒。所採用的活性金屬為銅和銅鈰混合金屬等兩種,觸媒載體則為塊狀蜂巢式陶瓷,大小約為1cm3。藉由不同活性金屬、不同金屬負載量和不同製作方法,共製備出22種蜂巢式觸媒,觸媒氧化操作條件為:空間流速12000hr-1;氧氣含量21%;相對溼度25%;異丙醇進流濃度為1600ppm(3933mg/m3);操作溫度為100℃∼500℃,結果顯示蒸氣含浸法為較佳之製備方法。
經由第一階段之測試,初步挑選出由蒸氣含浸法製作的金屬負載量為20%銅鈰(Cu:Ce重量比7:3)觸媒為轉化率最佳之觸媒,進行第二階段之測試。

第二階段則進行操作參數之探討,以其找到最佳反應參數。操作參數範圍如下:
操作溫度:373K∼773K
進流濃度:250 ppm∼1600 ppm(613∼3933mg/m3,1atm、25℃)
空間流速:1500 hr-1∼12,000 hr-1
氧濃度:21 %∼ 40 %
水氣濃度:25 %∼31 %

發現轉化率隨著溫度的升高和氧氣濃度的升高而上升,但伴隨著進流濃度和空間流速及水氣濃度的增加,轉化率則有下滑之趨勢。

第三階段則是進行活性衰退實驗,在250℃∼350℃下三組七天的連續實驗,發現此自製觸媒並無轉化率下降之現象,並藉由X-光繞射分析儀(XRD)、Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)及Elemental Analyzer(EA)等儀器結果初步證實。
第四階段則是進行反應動力之探討,由power-rate law,和Mars - Van Krevelen Model來進行推導,結果發現由power-rate law模式較符合本研究之反應動力,另外在操作參數(異丙醇進流濃度、反應溫度、氧進流濃度)對反應速率的影響方面,經由實驗可知上述三種操作參數對反應速率皆有一定的影響性,異丙醇進流濃度越大、反應溫度越高、氧進流濃度越高,則所得之反應速率愈大。
Abstract
ABSTRACT

Isopropyl Alcohol (denoted as IPA) is a valuable chemical product, which is used in the chemical industry such as synthetic resin, essential oils and surface paint. Moreover, factory of the production of photography and electronics are also the user of IPA.IPA is the typical pollutant emitted from those industrial processing . It is known to be causing severe irritation and burns and is suspected to have long-term effects such as bronchitis.

This study was to investigate the effect on conversion, deactivation of long-term test, selectivity of product and kinetics in oxidation of IPA over Cu and Cu/Ce catalysts supported on ceramic honeycomb. The explanation of results can be divided into several major parts as follows:

1. In the of selection catalyst, we find that 20%Cu/Ce catalysts prepared by wet- impregnation has the best conversion and
selectivity.
2. The conversion of IPA in catalytic reaction is increased with the increasing both of reaction temperature and influent concentration of oxygen but decreased with the going up of initial concentration of IPA, space velocity and relative humidity.
3. In the catalyst stability of long-term test, Cu/Ce catalysts had a good stability after 7 days reaction in heterogeneous reactor. The tests such as XRD, SEM and EA were also determined to verify the stability from surface of catalyst.
4. Two kinetic models, Power rate law and Mars-Van Krevelen model were used to fit the kinetic data of the decomposition of IPA. Power rate law is suitable to describe the catalytic decomposition of IPA under the operation range in this work.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄


第一章 緒論...............................1
1-1前言......................................1
1-2 研究緣起.................................2
1-3 研究目的及內容...........................3

第二章 文獻回顧 ...........................7
2-1 VOCs簡介 ...........................8
2-1-1 異丙醇之介紹 .................11
2-1-2 異丙醇之現況 .................15
2-2 VOCs的控制技術介紹 .................17
2-2-1 吸附法……………………………………….20
2-2-2 焚化法……………………………………….22
2-2-3 冷凝法……………………………………….27
2-2-4 化學洗滌法………………………………….30
2-3 觸媒製作探討 ...........................31
2-3-1 觸媒原理 ...........................31
2-3-2 觸媒之製作方法 . ................32
2-3-3載體之特性與選擇 ..................36
2-3-4 陶瓷材料………………………………………………….....37
2-3-5 擔體效應…………………………………….40
2-3-6 活性金屬…………………………………….41
2-4探討影響轉化率的因素 ..................43
2-4-1 觸媒的特性 ...........................43
2-4-2 VOCs的種類與濃度 ..................44
2-4-3廢氣中水氣含量的影響 ..................46
2-4-4 空間流速……………………………………..47
2-4-5 操作溫度……………………………………..47
2-4-6 廢氣中的氧含量……………………………..48
2-5觸媒焚化反應動力之探討 ..................50
2-5-1柱流式反應器基礎理論 ..................53
2-5-2微分型反應器 ..................55
2-5-3 觸媒異相反應模式 ..................56
2-5-4 Arrhenius 方程式 ..................62

第三章 研究方法與實驗設備 .........63
3-1 研究方法 ...........................63
3-1-1實驗規劃 ...........................68
3-1-2 實驗步驟與方法 ..................69
3-1-3 檢量線之製備……………………………….70
3-2 觸媒的製備 ...........................71
3-3實驗設備及藥品 ...........................76
3-3-1實驗系統裝置 ..................76
3-3-2研究用之試藥及氣體 ..................79
3-3-3主要分析儀器原理.......................81

第四章 結果與討論...........................87
4-1觸媒活性篩選...............................87
4-1-1 5%、10%、20%負載量的銅觸媒之比較......89
4-1-2 5%、10%、20%負載量的銅铈觸媒之比較....97
4-1-3 銅觸媒和銅鈰觸媒之比較……………………107
4-1-4 蒸氣含浸法之探討……………………………111
4-1-5自製觸媒之T50和T95之比較………………….116
4-2 觸媒製作成本之推估........................118
4-3 觸媒焚化異丙醇操作參數探討……………………119
4-3-1 進流濃度對轉化率之影響................119
4-3-2 空間流速對轉化率之影響………………………122
4-3-3 水氣含量對轉化率之影響……………………124
4-3-4 氧氣含量對轉化率之影響……………………126
4-4觸媒長期活性衰退的探討………………………….129
4-4-1 觸媒衰退現象…………………………………129
4-4-2 掃描式電子顯微鏡分析(SEM).............132
4-4-3 表面元素分析(EDS).....................134
4-4-4 元素分析(EA)..........................136
4-4-5 BET比表面積分析……………………………..137
4-5 觸媒焚化反應動力模式探討.................138
4-5-1 Power-rate law........................138
4-5-2 Mars-Van Krevelen model...............143
4-6 操作參數(進流濃度、溫度、氧濃度)對反應速率之影響............................................147
4-6-1 進流濃度對反應速率之影響 .........147
4-6-2 操作溫度對反應速率之影響..............147
4-6-3 氧濃度對反應速率之影響................148

第五章 結論 ...........................153

第六章 參考文獻……………………………......................156
附錄A 異丙醇之物質安全資料表………………………………….A-1

附錄B 分析物種之檢量線………………………………………….B-1

附錄C 口試委員意見及答覆……………………………………….C-1
參考文獻 References
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