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博碩士論文 etd-0629111-135623 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0629111-135623
論文名稱
Title
面射型半導體雷射偏振切換之溫度效應研究
Thermal Effects of Polarization Switching in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
80
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2011-05-27
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2011-06-29
關鍵字
Keywords
調變頻率、偏振、垂直共振腔面射型半導體雷射、溫度效應、速率方程式
VCSEL, polarization, modulation frequency, thermal effect, rate equation
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5646 次,被下載 860
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5646 times, has been downloaded 860 times.
中文摘要
本篇論文針對垂直共振腔面射型半導體雷射 (vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , VCSELs) 的偏振切換現象之溫度特性進行研究。實驗上利用改變調變電流頻率以及環境溫度之實驗來研究VCSEL偏振切換特性。本研究中也利用階狀函數電流來探討電流加熱效應引發偏振切換。基於活性層溫度達到接換溫度就會產生偏振切換的假設下,階狀函數電流的實驗結果則利用溫度速率方程式來模擬。由實驗與模擬一致的結果推斷溫度效應在偏振切換以及偏振遲滯現象扮演主要的角色,即溫度效應會明顯地影響偏振切換的行為。
Abstract
This research investigated the thermal properties of the polarization switching (PS) in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The investigations were performed by experiments and numerical simulations. In the experiments, the current modulation frequency and ambient temperature of VCSELs were varied to study their thermal effects on PS, resulting in rich dynamics. The current-heating effect on PS was also investigated by a step function current experiment. Based on an assumption that PS is activated as the temperature in the active region reaches a certain temperature, we model a simplified temperature rate equation to simulate the experiment of the step function. The consistency of the experiments and simulations concludes that the thermal effect plays a major role in PS and PS’s hysteresis. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of VCSEL’s polarization switching.
目次 Table of Contents
Certificate of Approval…………………………………………… i
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………… ii
Chinese Abstract…………………………………………………… iii
English Abstract…………………………………………………… iv
Contents…………………………………………………………… v
Figure Contents……………………………………………………… vi
Chapter 1 - Introduction………………………………………………… 1
Chapter 2 - Operating Principles of Lasers, Rate Equation and Transverse Mode………………………………………………………… 6
2.1 - Operating Principle of Lasers………………………………… 6
2.2 - Rate Equations of VCSELs……………………………………9
2.3 - Transverse Modes of VCSELs……………………………… 12
Chapter 3 - Investigations of Polarization Switching………………… 17
3.1 Thermal Affect on Threshold Current and Polarization Switching of VCSELs…………………………………………………… 17
3.2 The Self-Heating and the Temperature Distribution of VCSELs ……………………………………………………… 20
3.3 The Frequency-Dependent Polarization Switching in VCSELs……………………………………………………… 23
Chapter 4 - Experimental Setup and Method………………………… 26
4.1 The VCSEL and the Laser Driving System………………… 27
4.2 The Temperature Controlling System……………………… 28
4.3 The Detection channel……………………………………… 30
4.4 Experimental Method………………………………………… 31
Chapter 5 - Experimental results and discussions…………………… 32
5.1 L-I curve of the VCSEL……………………………………… 32
5.2 Polarization Switching in Different Modulation Frequency… 34
5.3 Polarization Switching in Different Ambient Temperatures… 39
5.4 The L-I Curve of the VCSEL in Continuously Varied Ambient Temperature………………………………………………… 44
5.5 Step Function Turn-on Experiment………………………… 50
Chapter 6 - Simulation results and discussions……………………… 53
6.1 The Temperature Rate Equation in the VCSEL……………… 53
6.2 The Calculation of Heat Capacity and Cooling Rate………… 55
6.3 The Slope Efficiency………………………………………… 57
6.4 The Simulation Result of the Step Function Turn-on Experiment……………………………………………………58
Chapter 7 - Conclusions and Suggestion……………………………… 63
Reference……………………………………………………………… 66
Appendix A - Codes of Matlab in the Simulation…………………… 68
參考文獻 References
[1] J. Paul, C. Masoller, Y. Hong, P. S. Spencer and K. A. Shore, “Experimental Study of Polarization Switching of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers as a Dynamical Bifurcation,” Opt. Lett., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 748-750, 2006.

[2] C. Masoller, M. S. Torre and P. Mandel, “Influence of the Injection Current Sweep Rate on the Polarization Switching of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 99, pp. 26108-1-26108-3, 2006.

[3] Y. Hong, J. Paul, P. S. Spencer and K. A. Shore, “Influence of Low-Frequency Modulation on Polarization Switching of VCSELs Subject to Optical Feedback,” IEEE J. Quantum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 30-35, 2008.

[4] Y. Liu, W. C. Ng, K. D. Choquette and K. Hess, “Numerical Investigation of Self-Heating Effects of Oxide-Confined Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum. Electron., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 15-25, 2005.

[5] K. Kumarajah, M. Ismail, P. S. Menon, S. Shaari and B. Y. Majlis, “Self-heating effects in a gain-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,” Symp. Photonics and Optoelectronics, 2009.

[6] Y. Hong, R. Ju, P. S. Spencer and K. A. Shore, “Investigation of Polarization Bistability in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Subjected to Optical Feedback,” IEEE J. Quantum. Electron., vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 619-624, 2005.
 

[7] 陳家壁, 激光原理及應用, 初版, 凡異出版社, 新竹市, 2005.

[8] A. Sharma, J. N. Yarrison-Rice, H. E. Jackson and K. D. Choquette, “Near-Field Spectroscopic Characterization of a 10 μm Aperture Selectively Oxidized Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 6837-6844, 2002.

[9] K. Panajutov, B. Ryvkin, J. Danckaert, H. Thienpont and I. Veretennicoff, “Polarization Switching in VCSEL’s Due to Thermal Lensing,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 6-8, 1998.

[10] H. Soda, K. Iga, C. Kitahara, Y. Suematsu, "GaInAsP-InP Surface Emitting Injection-lasers,“Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 18, p. 2329, 1979.

[11] C. J. Chang-Hasnain, J. P. Harbison, L. T. Florez, and N. G. Stoffel, “Polarization characteristics of quantum well vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,” Electron. Lett., vol. 27, p. 163, 1991.

[12] K. D. Choquette, R. S. Jr., K. Lear, and R. E. Leibenguth , “Gain-dependent polarization properties of vertical-cavity lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 1 , p. 661, 1995
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