隨著政府電業自由化的政策開放與解制，電力市場的競爭性將大幅提高，在自由化的導向下，用戶對於供電品質與電力品質的提升必日漸重視。為了維持電力供應的安全性及可靠性，重要關鍵之一係在電力系統發生故障時，能迅速找出故障位置，並在短時間內恢復供電，將停電區域降低至最小範圍。自動化故障偵測技術的研究，將有助於迅速推測出故障可能發生的位置，以便採取適當的操作來隔離故障，達到儘速恢復供電的目的。在供電品質提升的需求下，變壓器的維護與檢修更為重要，對於運轉中的變壓器必需有一套監視與診斷預警技術，以期及時發現變壓器內潛在的異常狀況，及早進行修護以避免事故進一步擴大。
電力品質亦是當前電力公司與工業界共同重視的課題，不良的電力品質包含諧波、電壓驟降、電壓陡昇、及電力中斷等事件。為能有效掌握電力品質的狀況，必須長期觀測並記錄電壓和電流波形，再藉由分析結果辨識電力品質干擾事件。目前商用電力品質監測儀器，已具備電力品質資料測量和儲存功能，對於暫態和穩態資料同時具有記錄功能，但無法得知干擾事件之類型及原因。若有一套電力品質干擾事件偵測系統，將可輔助電力品質工程師作有效的辨識，及採取有效的改善策略。本論文主要建立一套輔助性偵測工具，包括故障區域偵測(Fault Section Detection)、警報訊號處理(Alarm Processing)
、變壓器故障診斷(Transformer Fault Diagnosis)、及電力品質偵測(Power Quality Detection)。期望不須再增加任何設備下，可納
入現行既有的監控系統，以協助得到快速且正確之偵測結果，取代傳統施行人工監視控制方式。

Power system protection is important for service reliability and quality assurance. Various faults may occur due to natural and artificial calamity. To reduce the outage duration and promptly restore power services, fault section estimate has to be done effectively and accurately with fault alarms. Dispatchers study the changed statuses of protection devices from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to identify the fault. Single and multiple faults could coexist with the failed operation of relays and circuit breakers, or with the erroneous data communication. It needs a long time to process a large
number of alarms under various conditions involving multiple faults and many uncertainties. To cope with the problem, an effective tool is helpful for the fault
section estimation and alarm processing. Besides, power transformer plays a major role in a power system. For a better service quality, it is important to be routinely examined for detecting incipient faults inside transformers. Preventive techniques for early detection can
find out the incipient faults and avoid outages. Power quality is another issue to considerable attentions from utilities and customers due to the popular uses of many sensitive electronic equipment.
Harmonics, voltage swell, voltage sag, and, power interruption could downgrade the service quality. To ensure the power quality, detecting harmonic and voltage
disturbances becomes important. A detection method with classification capability will be helpful for detecting disturbances. This dissertation developed various algorithm for detection including fault section detection, alarm processing, transformer fault diagnosis, and power quality detection. For a well-dispatched power system, the adaptive detection idea will be used, and the existing SCADA/EMS will be integrated without extra devices.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………...IV
英文摘要………………………………………………………….…V
圖目錄…………………………………………………….………..VI
表目錄………………………………………………..……….……IX

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………..1
1-1 研究動機………………………..…………………………………..1
1-2 研究背景及方法……………………………………………..……..2
1-3 主要貢獻……………………………………………………………6
1-4 論文內容概要…………………………………………………..…..7

第二章 研究方法………………………………………………………...10
2-1 前言……………………………………...………………………...10
2-2 串級關聯神經網路…….……………………...…………………..11
2-3 機率神經網路……...……………………………….………...…...16
2-4 雙向聯想記憶網路………...……………………….….………….22
2-5 小波-機率網路………………………………………….…………27
2-6 類神經網路的選用…………………………………….………….33

第三章 故障區域偵測系統之建構…………………………………...35
3-1 前言…………...…………………………………………………...35
3-2 故障區域偵測之研究背景………………...……………………...36
3-3 故障區域偵測工具…………………………………...…………...39
3-3-1 保護區塊與元件保護………………………………..……...39
3-3-2 訓練範例的建立與神經網路訓練……………………..…...40
3-3-3 警報訊號處理……………………………………….………44
3-3-4 故障偵測系統架構………………………………………….46
3-4 本章結論…………………………………………………………..48

第四章 變壓器故障診斷系統之建構………………………………..51
4-1 前言……………………………………………………………......51
4-2 變壓器故障診斷之研究背景………………………….………….52
4-3 變壓器故障診斷工具………………………………….………….55
4-3-1 油中溶解氣體分析……...……………………………………55
4-3-2 PNN故障診斷模型…………………………………………...59
4-3-3 變壓器故障診斷系統……………………………….………..64
4-4 本章結論……………………………………………….………….67

第五章 電力品質偵測系統之建構…………………………….……..68
5-1 前言……………………...………………………………………...68
5-2 電力品質之研究背景………………………………...…………...69
5-3 干擾事件偵測系統之構想…………………………………….….74
5-4 電力品質干擾事件偵測架構………………………..……………77
5-4-1 訓練資料的規劃……………………………………………...77
5-4-2 電力品質干擾事件偵測系統…………………….…...……...84
5-5 本章結論…………………………………………………….….…87

第六章 模擬測試……………………………………….……..…………88
6-1 前言………………………………………...……………………...88
6-2 故障區域偵測模擬測試…………………………………………..88
6-2-1 雙重故障測試__案例一……………………………………...92
6-2-2 雙重故障包含誤動作訊號測試__案例二…………………...94
6-2-3 ANN網路特性比較…………………………………………..95
6-3 變壓器故障診斷模擬測試……………………………………......98
6-3-1 國內案例測試………………………………………………...98
6-3-2 國外案例測試………………………………………….……101
6-3-3 診斷流程測試比較………………………………………….102
6-3-4 特性測試…………………………………………….………104
6-4 電力品質干擾事件模擬測試…………………………………....106
6-4-1 效能測試…………………………………………………….107
6-4-2 案例測試…………………………………………………….111
6-5 本章結論…………………………………………………………117

第七章 結論與未來發展……………………………………………...118
7-1 結論………………………………………………………………118
7-2 未來研究方向……………………………………………………120

參考文獻…………………………………………………………………...122
著作目錄…………………………………………………………………...128
作者簡介…………………………………………………………………...131

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