壅塞於電力系統上一直是個嚴重的問題，為了這類困難的問題，專家們提出各式各樣減輕壅塞的方法；近來，許多電力電子設備使用於解決這些難題上，而整合型電力潮流控制器(UPFC)是所有設備中最具效力的設備，UPFC不但能夠控制實、虛功潮流外，而且能夠維持裝設之匯流排電壓，利用UPFC可以改變系統上的潮流分布，壅塞問題也因此得以解決。本論文以諾頓定理改善文獻上的UPFC電壓源模型，提出新的UPFC模型，此模型能容易地整合於電流注入法中，藉著電流注入法，能夠快速、精確求出裝設UPFC電力系統情況。配合使用遺傳基因演算法，能夠求取UPFC於系統上最佳之裝設位置；求解的過程中，遺傳基因演算法能結合內點演算法之最佳化電力潮流，以得到最佳控制參數，進而使得UPFC解決線路壅塞。本論文以MATLAB程式語言，於自由化環境下，對所提出最佳化電力潮流及UPFC模型進行測試，在實功率壅塞情況下，展現其解決問題之效果。

Congestion is always a serious problem in power system. In order to solve the kind of thorny problem, experts employ various methods for relieving congested difficulties. There are many new power-electronics-based devices using to solve the difficult problems recently. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most powerful device of these devices. The UPFC is capable of providing not only active and reactive control but also adaptive voltage amplitude control. By way of UPFC, power flow in power system is changed. Congestion problems are solved easily. A new model is proposed in this thesis to improve existing power-based model by using the Norton Equivalent Theorem. The proposed model can be integrated with the Equivalent Current Injection (ECI) power flow model easily. By ECI algorithm, it is much quickly and precisely to implement power flow calculations. By making use of Genetic algorithm (GA), the optimal location of UPFC in power system will be obtained. In the solution process, GA will be integrated with the nonlinear interior point OPF to select the optimal control parameters and UPFC sitting to solve congestion problems. Tests under MATLAB (The Math Works, Inc.) will be used to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in solving a modified OPF problem for real congestion control under deregulation.

中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄

第一章 緒論………………………………………………...1
1-1 研究背景與研究動機………………………………………..1
1-2 論文架構……………………………………………………..2
1-3論文貢獻……………………………………………………3

第二章 負載潮流與整合型電力潮流控制器之模型…….5
2-1 前言…………………………………………………………..5
2-2 電流注入法負載潮流模型…………………………………..7
2-2-1 具常數亞可比矩陣之負載潮流模型推導……………………….7
2-2-2 電壓控制匯流排模型推導……………………………………12
2-3 整合型電力潮流控制器模型推導…………………………17
2-3-1整合型電力潮流控制器簡介…………………………………….17
2-3-2整合型電力潮流控制器模型推導……………………………….18
2-3-3並聯迴路電壓計算……………………………………………….21
2-4 本章結論……………………………………………………22

第三章 最佳化電力潮流解決系統壅塞…………………23
3-1 前言…………………………………………………………23
3-2 內點演算法…………………………………………………24
3-3 線路可用容量與線路潮流方程式…………………………30
3-3-1 解決方案………………………………………………………...30
3-3-2 線路潮流方程式………………………………………………...31
3-3-3 最佳化電力潮流之目標函數…………………………………...33
3-4 最佳化電力潮流數學推導…………………………………34
3-4-1 限制條件下之最佳解…………………………………………..34
3-4-2 最佳化電力潮流模型推導………………………….…………..35
3-5 本章結論……………………………………………………44

第四章 整合型電力潮流控制器最佳位置搜尋………...46
4-1 前言…………………………………………………………46
4-2 競標曲線推導………………………………………………47
4-3 遺傳基因演算法……………………………………………50
4-4 選擇線路原則與編碼………………………………………53
4-4-1 UPFC裝設於輸電線路原則…………………………………..53
4-3-2 因應GA之線路編碼法……………………………………….54
4-5 本章結論……………………………………………………55

第五章 系統測試與結果分析…………………………...56
5-1前言………………………………………………………….56
5-2 測試一：競標系統模擬測試………………………………..57
5-3 測試二：UPFC模型收斂測試……………..………………60
5-4 測試三：UPFC對電力系統之影響………..………………63
5-5 測試四：UPFC電壓源電抗之影響………..………………65
5-6 測試五：以遺傳基因演算法搜尋UPFC裝設最佳位置…..67
5-7測試六：內點演算法求UPFC之最佳控制參數….………..73
5-8 測試七：以電流注入法模擬UPFC參數控制……………75
5-9 測試八：UPFC裝設最佳位置檢驗測試………………….79



第六章 結論與未來研究方向…………………………...84
6-1 結論………………………………………………………..84
6-2 未來研究方向……………………………………………..85

參考文獻…………………………………………………...86
























圖目錄

圖2-1 Bus i、j間的輸電線路模型…………………………………………..7
圖2-2 電流注入法之負載潮流程式流程圖(考慮電壓控制匯流排)…….16
圖2-3 UPFC電路結構……………………………………………………...17
圖2-4 UPFC等效電路模型………………………………………………..18
圖2-5 修改後UPFC等效電路模型……………………………………….19
圖3-1 「預測-校正式」內點演算法流程圖………………………………29
圖3-2 線路使用狀況……………………………………………………….30
圖3-3 梯度與最佳解之關係……………………………………………….34
圖4-1 需求方水平加總示意圖…………………………………………….47
圖4-2 基因演算法之流程圖……………………………………………….53
圖5-1 IEEE 30 Bus系統圖……………………………………………….56
圖5-2 競標曲線累積合成競標曲線撮合結果…………………………….58
圖5-3 6 Bus電力系統……………………………………………………60
圖5-4 初始值與收斂速度………………………………………………….61
圖5-5 每組基因編碼方式………………………………………………….70
圖5-6 使用UPFC調度區域間電力……………………………………….72











表目錄

表5-1 發電業競標資料…………………………………………………….57
表5-2 配電業競標資料…………………………………………………….57
表5-3 發電業得標資料…………………………………………………….58
表5-4 配電業得標資料…………………………………………………….59
表5-5 UPFC電壓源疊代變化……………………………………………..61
表5-6 UPFC影響電力系統………………………………………………..63
表5-7 UPFC電壓源電抗之影響…………………………………………...65
表5-8 UPFC串連電壓源電抗之影響……………………………………...65
表5-9 UPFC並連電壓源電抗之影響……………………………………..66
表5-10 發電業得標資料…………………………………………………...67
表5-11 配電業得標資料…………………………………………………...67
表5-12 重載下匯流排資料………………………………………………...68
表5-13 重載下線路資料…………………………………………………...69
表5-14 候選線路…………………………………………………………...70
表5-15 UPFC裝設之最佳位置……………………………………….……71
表5-16 UPFC潮流控制量（加入罰點）…………………………………73
表5-17 UPFC潮流控制量（未加罰點）…………………………………..73
表5-18 UPFC串聯電壓源…………………………………………………75
表5-19 UPFC並聯電壓源………………………………………………….75
表5-20 調整後重載下匯流排資料………………………………………...76
表5-21 調整後重載下線路資料…………………………………………...77
表5-22 發電業得標資料…………………………………………………..79
表5-23 配電業得標資料…………………………………………………...79
表5-24 重載下匯流排資料………………………………………………...80
表5-25 重載下線路資料…………………………………………………...81
表5-26 UPFC潮流控制量…………………………………………………81
表5-27 調整後重載下匯流排資料………………………………………...82
表5-28 調整後重載下線路資料…………………………………………..83

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