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博碩士論文 etd-0630109-110124 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0630109-110124
論文名稱
Title
雪山隧道空氣污染物實場調查分析
Measurements of Air Pollutants in the Hsuehshan Tunnel
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
124
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2009-06-10
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2009-06-30
關鍵字
Keywords
移動污染源、排放係數、通風豎井、長隧道、高速公路
Mobile source, Emission factor, Ventilation shaft, Long tunnel, Highway
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5795 次,被下載 3539
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5795 times, has been downloaded 3539 times.
中文摘要
本研究主要以雪山隧道內,空氣污染物濃度之分佈特性、排放係數變化情形與通風豎井排放率作探討。對空氣污染物之濃度及排放係數作趨勢比較及相關性分析。於雪山隧道(南下及北上隧道)內與3座通風豎井,同步進行空氣污染物(CO、NOx、NO、THC、NMHC及SO2)現場實測,並分析隧道內空氣污染物濃度時空分佈。
現場實測結果,顯示實測期間雪山隧道多屬自然通風。隧道內重型車車輛比例,均小於8 %。在隧道內空氣污染物濃度,呈現出口處大於入口、北上隧道大於南下隧道及假日大於平日之濃度分佈趨勢;通風豎井空氣污染物濃度,以第2豎井濃度較高,且3座通風豎井均呈現出假日大於平日之濃度分佈趨勢。雪山隧道內空氣污染物濃度依序為CO (12.04±1.85 ppm)、THC (4.08±0.48 ppm)及NMHC (2.21±0.46 ppm)。
隧道內空氣污染物排放係數,於假日及平日均呈現出北上隧道大於南下隧道,顯示受隧道坡度所影響。通風豎井空氣污染物排放量,以第2豎井最高,其排放量依序為CO、THC及NOx。空氣污染物濃度(r=0.55 − 0.93)及排放係數(r=0.60 − 0.96)與交通資料均有良好之相關性,顯示出空氣污染物受交通狀況變化所影響。本研究結果與雪山隧道過去之研究比較發現,本研究之空氣污染物排放係數皆較高,顯示出雪山隧道內空氣品質有逐漸惡化之趨勢。
Abstract
The purpose of this study is the distribution, the emission factors, and the emission rates of the ventilation shafts of air pollutant concentration in the Hsuehshan tunnel, and analyze the correlation. The study, in the inside of Hsuehshan tunnel (the southern and the northern) and the three ventilation shafts, the real-world measure air pollutants(CO, NOx, NO, THC, NMHC and SO2) at the same time, and to analyze the concentration of air pollutants in the tunnel that is distribution of the time and spatial.
In this study, the ventilation system is natural ventilation in the Hsuehshan tunnel, and the proportion of heavy vehicles in the period are less than 8%. The concentration of air pollutants in the tunnel, showing the exit higher than the entrance, the northern tunnel higher than the southern tunnel and the holidays higher than on weekdays concentration of distribution trends. The emissions and the concentration of air pollutants at the ventilation shaft No. 2 are the highest with the three shafts. All the ventilation shafts on holidays higher than weekdays were displayed on the trend of concentration distribution. The concentration of air pollutants in the tunnel are CO (12.04±1.85 ppm), THC (4.08±0.48 ppm), NMHC (2.21±0.46 ppm), NOx (1.58±0.23 ppm), NO (1.44±0.20 ppm) and SO2 (6.33±0.83 ppb).
The results show that the emission factors of air pollutants in northern tunnel are higher than in southern tunnel by influence of slope. The emissions of ventilation shaft a sequence were CO, THC, and NOx. The concentrations(r=0.55 − 0.93) and the emission factors(r=0.60 − 0.96) of air pollutants are much related with traffic situation, and it shows that the air pollutants change with traffic condition. Comparison the emission factors between this study and past research in the Hsuehshan tunnel show that the air quality are becoming badly.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌…………………………………………………………Ⅰ
中文摘要……………………………………………………Ⅱ
英文摘要……………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄…………………………………………………………Ⅴ
表目錄………………………………………………………Ⅶ
圖目錄………………………………………………………Ⅷ

第一章 前言………………………………………………… 1-1
1.1 研究緣起………………………………………………… 1-1
1.2 研究目標………………………………………………… 1-2
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………… 2-1
2.1 雪山隧道概述…………………………………………… 2-1
2.1.1 背景描述……………………………………………… 2-1
2.1.2 隧道幾何結構………………………………………… 2-3
2.2 雪山隧道交通資料……………………………………… 2-5
2.2.1 交通型態……………………………………………… 2-5
2.2.2 車流量特性…………………………………………… 2-5
2.3 雪山隧道空氣品質……………………………………… 2-8
2.3.1 隧道內空氣污染物…………………………………… 2-9
2.3.2 隧道空氣品質標準…………………………………… 2-13
2.4 隧道通風系統…………………………………………… 2-16
2.4.1 自然通風……………………………………………… 2-17
2.4.2 強制通風……………………………………………… 2-19
2.4.3 雪山隧道通風系統…………………………………… 2-19
2.5 國內外相關隧道文獻比較……………………………… 2-22
2.5.1 國內隧道相關文獻…………………………………… 2-22
2.5.2 國外隧道相關文獻…………………………………… 2-24
2.5.3 國內外隧道內空氣污染物比較……………………… 2-28
2.5.4 影響車輛排放之特性及因子………………………… 2-31
第三章 研究方法……………………………………………… 3-1
3.1 研究架構與流程………………………………………… 3-1
3.2 氣象資料及行車資料調查……………………………… 3-2
3.3 採樣方法………………………………………………… 3-2
3.3.1 採樣地點及時段……………………………………… 3-3
3.3.2 採樣儀器及設備……………………………………… 3-5
3.4 分析方法………………………………………………… 3-6
3.5 相關性分析……………………………………………… 3-7
3.6 雪山隧道排放係數及豎井排放量之計算……………… 3-9
3.7 分析之品保及品管……………………………………… 3-10
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………… 4-1
4.1 雪山隧道現場氣象資料及交通資料…………………… 4-1
4.1.1 現場氣象資料調查…………………………………… 4-1
4.1.2 現場交通資料調查…………………………………… 4-5
4.1.3 隧道內車行活塞效應之評估…………………………4-12
4.2 雪山隧道空氣污染物時空變化分析…………………… 4-16
4.2.1 隧道內空氣污染物濃度分佈…………………………4-16
4.2.2 隧道內平日及假日空氣污染物濃度分佈……………4-23
4.2.3 隧道內平日及假日空氣污染物垂直濃度分佈………4-27
4.2.4 雪山隧道空氣污染物濃度相關性分析………………4-30
4.2.5 通風豎井空氣污染物濃度分析………………………4-32
4.3 雪山隧道排放係數分析………………………………… 4-35
4.3.1 隧道排放係數與豎井排放量之推估…………………4-35
4.3.2 隧道內空氣污染物排放係數之相關性分析…………4-39
4.3.3 隧道排放係數與國內外相關研究比較………………4-42
第五章 結論與建議………………………………………… 5-1
5.1 結論……………………………………………………… 5-1
5.2 建議……………………………………………………… 5-2
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 參-1
附錄A 空氣污染物濃度數據……………………………… 附A-1
附錄B 雪山隧道交通資料………………………………… 附B-1
附錄C 作者簡歷…………………………………………… 附C-1
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