砷與過氯酸鹽為目前已知之兩種新興污染物，其普遍存在於世界各類型水體之中。因此，發展有效去除技術已成為當今的重要課題。本研究首先以三甲基氯矽烷(TMCS)進行對自製管狀TiO2/Al2O3複合膜進行表面改質，以提升其過濾性能。接著，利用TMCS改質管狀陶瓷膜並搭配同步電混凝/電過濾(EC/EF)程序處理砷與過濾酸鹽模擬水樣及一真實含砷地下水，並探討其操作參數及結果。先期之電混凝試驗結果顯示，使用鋁電極之效果優於鐵電極。因此，在後續之同步電混凝/電過濾實驗中，便使用鋁電極做為犧牲性陽極。接著，研究比較管狀TiO2/Al2O3複合膜表面改質前與改質後經EC/EF程序處理污染物之去除率、濾液通量、污染物去除量及相關的用電耗能。管狀複合膜經表面改質後，雖無法有效提升其對模擬水樣中之污染物去除率，但卻可提高其濾液通量，因此，整體而言仍有較多的污染物移除量；在用電能耗方面，相較於表面改質前則有更低的電能消耗。最後，實際含砷地下水利用未改質之複合膜搭配同步EC/EF程序在最佳操作條件下，可將砷濃度降低至農業灌溉水水質標準以下。

Arsenic and perchlorate are two types of emerging contaminants commonly found in various water bodies worldwide. Therefore, the development of effective removal technologies has become an important issue today. To this end, the following research studies were conducted. First, trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was used for the surface modification of a laboratory-prepared outside-in tubular TiO2/Al2O3 composite membrane aiming at enhancing the filtration performance of the said membrane layer. Second, the TMCS-modified tubular ceramic membrane coupled with the simultaneous electrocoagulation/ electrofiltration (EC/EF) process was tested and evaluated their combined performance in the remediation of arsenic- and perchlorate-spiked waters and one actual As-contaminated groundwater. In this research, the results of a preliminary electrocoagulation study have indicated that aluminum outperformed iron as the anode material. Thus, aluminum was selected as the sacrificial anode for the EC/EF tests throughout this work. In the course of various EC/EF testing, the removal efficiencies of the target contaminant in the test water specimens were compared for the tubular TiO2/Al2O3 composite membranes with and without surface modification. Also evaluated included the permeate flux, unit mass of target contaminant removed, and relevant power consumption. Though surface modification might not yield a better removal efficiency of the concerned contaminant, it gave rise to a greater permeate flux resulting in a greater removed mass of the contaminant for each of the synthetic wastewaters. Meanwhile, lower power consumption was found as compared with the case of no surface modification. As for the actual As-contaminated groundwater, the optimal EC/EF conditions for the tubular composite membrane without surface modification could low the As concentration to meet the local irrigation water quality criteria.

聲明切結書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xiii
照片目錄 xx
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究項目 3
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 砷 6
2.1.1 砷來源及影響 6
2.1.2 砷處理技術 8
2.2 過氯酸鹽 11
2.2.1 過氯酸鹽來源及影響 11
2.2.2 過氯酸鹽處理技術 13
2.3 薄膜單元 16
2.3.1 薄膜定義與特性 16
2.3.2 薄膜分離程序 16
2.3.3薄膜組件之形式 17
2.3.4 無機膜介紹 19
2.3.5 掃流薄膜過濾 20
2.4電混凝/電過濾程序 22
2.4.1 電混凝 22
2.4.2 掃流電過濾 25
2.4.3 同步電混凝/電過濾程序 27
2.5 薄膜改質 29
2.5.1 薄膜改質 29
2.5.2 界面活性劑 30
2.5.3 矽烷偶合劑 31
第三章 實驗材料、設備與實驗方法 33
3.1 實驗材料 33
3.1.1水樣及管狀陶瓷膜複合膜製備材料 33
3.1.2 改質試藥及材料 34
3.2 實驗設備 34
3.2.1蒸氣壓氣體滲透偵測裝置 34
3.2.2 管狀無機複合膜 35
3.2.3 同步電混凝/電過濾處理系統 35
3.2.4 其他設備及儀器 37
3.3 實驗方法 38
3.3.1 陶瓷複合膜改質 38
3.3.2 電混凝瓶杯試驗 38
3.3.3同步電混凝/電過濾(EC/EF)處理系統之操作 40
3.4 無機膜性質分析 43
3.4.1無機複合膜表面顯微結構觀測 43
3.4.2薄膜孔徑分佈測定 43
3.4.3陶瓷複合膜表面官能基分析 43
3.5 水樣及濾液品質分析方法 44
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1 管狀陶瓷複合膜之特性分析 45
4.1.1 複合膜表面與截面顯微結構 45
4.1.2 陶瓷複合膜孔徑分布 46
4.1.3 傅立葉紅外線光譜(FT-IR)與拉曼光譜(Raman)分析 48
4.2 電混凝瓶杯試驗 53
4.3 含砷模擬水樣及真實地下水利用同步電混凝/電過濾程序處理結果 55
4.3.1 含砷模擬水樣 55
4.3.1.1 電場強度及過濾壓差對濾液通量及濾液品質之影響 55
4.3.1.2 陶瓷複合膜改質前後去除砷之比較 61
4.3.2含砷之真實地下水 67
4.4 含過氯酸鹽模擬水樣利用同步電混凝/電過濾程序處理結果 69
4.4.1 電場強度及過濾壓差對濾液通量及濾液品質之影響 69
4.4.2 陶瓷複合膜改質前後去除過氯酸鹽之比較 74
4.5 濾液中砷及過氯酸鹽濃度隨處理時間的變化及濾液再處理結果 80
4.5.1 含砷模擬水樣其濾液之砷濃度隨處理時間變化及濾液再處理 80
4.5.2 含過氯酸鹽模擬水樣其濾液之過氯酸鹽濃度隨處理時間變化及濾液再處理 83
4.6 能耗評估 87
第五章 結論與建議 91
5.1 結論 91
5.2 建議 94
參考文獻 95
碩士在學期間發表之學術論文 106

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