金屬產品或材料為延長使用期限及美觀等因素，會經由塗覆程在金屬素材表面上塗覆保護膜。該連續製程依序有塗佈、烘烤及冷卻等程序。而此製程中，塗料中揮發性有機物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)揮發而造成VOCs排放問題。近年來，塗料製造技術大幅進步，揮發性有機物含量已逐步降低，如開發新型塗料等，且使用此等塗料的製程排氣VOCs的濃度，比使用油性塗料的製程排氣大幅降低。但相對地，也大幅增加尾氣再減排的困難度，而限縮具高效率VOCs廢氣焚化設備應用性。
生物處理技術具構造簡單、操作容易，及成本低廉的優勢。本研究以一實驗室級的生物濾床試驗設備，進行塗覆排氣生物處理的可行性評估。該設備主要單元包含進氣單元、生物濾床主體、循環水單元。
本研究之一採用壓克力製做濾床主體，以利於觀察濾料變化，填充10 cmL × 10 mW × 40 mH的木屑濾料。試驗共進行四個階段，全程濾料含水率控制在52~65%，pH值7~8。供試進氣維持在10~180 mg/m3 (as CH4)之非甲烷碳氫化合物(non-methane hydrocarbon, NMHC)濃度。空塔停留時間(empty bed retention time, EBRT)由2分鐘逐步試驗至0.2分鐘，在EBRT為0.2分鐘，NMHC平均去除率為90%。
本研究另以一填充60公升(40 cm sq. × 37.5 cmH)蛇木屑之生物濾床，進行含VOCs排氣生物處理試驗。試驗共進行四個階段，濾料含水率控制在52~65%，pH值7~8。供試進氣維持在20~60 mg/Am3之NMHC濃度。空塔停留時間EBRT由21秒試驗至10秒，在EBRT為10秒時，NMHC平均去除率為80%。

Surface coating of metal surfaces provides decoration and corrosive prevention for the surfaces. Normal coating processes include paint coating (dipping, spraying, or rolling), drying, baking, and cooling. In the processes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in paints emit to vented gases and the VOC-laden gases should be treated before venting into the atmosphere depending on the emitted VOC concentration, emission rate, and regulations. In the past decades, low-VOC paints have been developed for the purposes of cost reduction and environmental protection. Concentrations of VOCs in the vented gases are decreasing as compared with those in the past, and accordingly, technologies for further reduction of VOCs in the gases should be developed.
Biological degradation of low concentrations in waste gases has merits of simple equipments, simple operations, and low costs. This study used a pilot-scale trickling-bed biofilter to test its feasibility for removing VOCs in a gas stream containing VOCs vented from several brands of paints for steel coating. The biofilter (BF) was made of transparent acrylic resin for observation of the media during the test. The BF was packed with 4 liters (10 cm sq.×40 cmH) of wood chips for pulp manufacturing with average sizes 2.03cm×2.25cm, wet packing density 470 kg/m3, void fraction 0.57, and specific surface area 300 m2/m3. Evaporated VOCs from test paints with air were introduced into the BF for performance tests on the effects of gas EBRT (empty bed retention time) through the packed section on the VOC removal efficiency. Results indicate that with an EBRT of 12 s and circulation liquid pH 7.0-8.0, 90% VOCs of 10-180 mg/m3 (expressed as methane equivalent) in the influent gas could be removed.
An additional test was performed for the elimination of styrene in an effluent gas from a resin plate manufacturing plant by a BF packed with 60 L fern chips with wet packing density 200 kg/m3, void fraction 0.80, and specific surface area 790 m2/m3. Results indicate that with an EBRT of 10 s and circulation liquid pH 7.0-8.0, 80% styrene of 20-60 mg/m3 (expressed as methane equivalent) in the influent gas could be removed.

謝誌 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
一、前言 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的與內容 2
1.3實場背景 2
1.3.1 實場一：煉鋼廠 2
1.3.2 實場二：塑料門窗工廠 3
二、文獻回顧 4
2.1 揮發性有機物之定義及來源 4
2.2 異味物質之定義及來源 4
2.3 VOCs及臭味控制處理技術 8
2.4 生物處理技術 8
2.5 VOCs生物濾床去除之文獻及相關案例 9
三、實場調查 29
3.1 實場一：煉鋼廠現況調查 29
3.2 實場二：塑料門窗工廠現況調查 29
3.3 實場檢測項目 32
四、實驗設備及方法 33
4.1實驗設備 33
4.1.1實驗設備一 33
4.1.2實驗設備二 33
4.2實驗材料 35
4.2.1實驗設備一 35
4.2.2實驗設備二 36
4.3檢測項目及分析方法 37
五、結果與討論 38
5.1鋼片塗覆排氣生物濾床試驗 38
5.1.1濾床進出口及循環槽營養鹽NMHC數據 38
5.1.2有機負荷 39
5.1.3 NMHC去除率 40
5.1.4循環水水質 42
5.1.5異味判定 43
5.1.6營養鹽 43
5.1.5實場一模廠生物濾床實場試驗 43
5.1.6 THC及異味判定 44
5.1.7小結 45
5.2實場二模廠生物濾床實驗 46
5.2.1有機負荷 47
5.2.2 VOCs濃度變化 47
六、結論與建議 49
6.1實驗室試驗 49
6.2實場試驗 49
6.3建議 50
參考文獻 51

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