聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯常用於臨時假牙的製作，而假牙材料有機械性質及抑制微生物在表面生長的需求，故本研究主要將奈米銀線添加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中製成複合樹脂，利用均勻實驗法進行實驗設計探討其機械性質，複合樹脂製作完成初期先對表面的孔洞覆蓋率分析，在探討於37℃泡水保存後的表面硬度、粗糙度及顏色穩定性的變化，並進一步做抗菌實驗分析。研究結果顯示，孔洞率大表示結構鬆散導致其表面粗糙度高與機械性質不佳，而表面硬度分別使用奈米壓痕系統與微小維克氏硬度機來分析微觀與巨觀尺度下的特性，其量測結果是有相同的趨勢，其中影響表面硬度因子依序為聚合壓力>聚合時間>奈米銀長徑比>奈米銀濃度，實驗結果顯示其最佳的條件為聚合壓力1.6 bar、聚合時間10分鐘、奈米銀線長徑比為14及奈米銀混和濃度為0.5%，量測結果相較於原始材料之硬度值約提升1.7-2.4倍。在泡水保存後量測表面粗糙度及顏色穩定性結果都是穩定的，最後抗菌實驗結果顯示，固體的複合樹脂抗菌表現不佳，但均勻混和奈米銀線溶液的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯液劑，對大腸桿菌是有效的。因此，本研究結果顯示採用奈米銀線混和製成複合樹脂，能有效提升其機械強度，並對大腸桿菌有抑制效果，為一種新的臨時假牙複合材料選擇

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been widely used for the fabrication in prosthodontic treatment. The most essential issues for denture materials are the mechanical properties and the formation of biofilm from microorganisms in oral. In this study, PMMA and silver nanowire (AgNWs) were mixed to manufacture composite resin. The experiment was designed by uniform design method and investigated the mechanical properties of composite resin. After the process, the hole coverage on surface was analyzed. Then, the change of surface hardness, roughness and color stability after restored in the 37℃ water were investigated. Moreover, the antimicrobial test was examined. The results showed that high hole rate, namely loose structure, caused poor surface roughness and mechanical properties. The hardness was analyzed under microscopic and macroscopic scale by using the MTS nanoindenter XP systems and micro Vickers tester, respectively. The factors, weighting of surface hardness were polymerization pressure > polymerization time > Aspect ratio > concentrations. The best conditions are polymerization pressure of 1.6 bar, polymerization time of 10 minutes, aspect ratio of 14, concentration of 0.5%. The hardness increased 1.7 to 2.4 times. The antibacterial experiments showed the solid composite resin had poor antimicrobial performance. However, the PMMA mixed with AgNWs had impact on E.coli. To sum up, composite resin mixed with AgNWs had better mechanical strength and inhibitory effect on E.coli.

摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
第一章 序論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景 1
1.3 研究動機與目的 5
1.4 本文架構 5
第二章 理論基礎與原理 7
2.1 奈米銀 7
2.1.1 奈米銀合成制備 7
2.1.2 多元醇化學還原法 8
2.1.3 奈米銀的特性 9
2.1.4 奈米銀的應用 9
2.1.5 奈米銀抗菌機制 10
2.2 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA) 11
2.2.1 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基本概述與分類[20] 12
2.2.2 影響聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的環境因子 13
2.2.3 理想的臨時假牙製作 15
2.3 奈米壓痕試驗理論 15
2.3.1 奈米壓痕試驗之探針幾何形式和形狀 17
2.3.2 奈米壓痕試驗之硬度與楊氏係數理論基礎 20
2.3.3 連續剛性測量技術（CSM） 24
2.4 細菌培養與抗菌實驗簡介[41] 25
2.4.1 細菌生長研究方法[41] 25
2.4.2 細菌之觀察法簡介[41] 27
2.4.3 JIS Z 2801-2000抗菌實驗法[42] 29
2.4.4 抗生素之抗菌檢驗法 29
2.5 均勻實驗法[43] 31
2.5.1 實驗設計法 32
2.5.2 均勻實驗法概論 32
2.5.3 均勻設計表[47] 32
2.5.4 均勻實驗程序 35
2.5.5 均勻設計實驗結果分析 35
第三章 研究方法 36
3.1 實驗流程架構 36
3.2 實驗設備與藥品 36
3.2.1 奈米銀配置之設備及藥品 36
3.2.2 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯配置之設備及藥品 38
3.2.3 抗菌實驗配置之設備及藥品 40
3.3 奈米銀製作流程 41
3.3.1 奈米銀的製備 42
3.3.2 奈米銀純化方式 43
3.4 奈米銀/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯複合樹脂製作流程 44
3.4.1 複合樹脂之均勻實驗法分析 44
3.4.2 樣本製備方式 46
3.5 機械性質分析 47
3.5.1 試片前置流程 48
3.5.2 微小維克氏硬度分析 49
3.6 抗菌分析 50
3.6.1 固態抗菌性分析 50
3.6.2 液體抗菌性分析 51
3.7 實驗分析儀器介紹 52
3.7.1 穿透式電子顯微鏡 52
3.7.2 奈米壓痕系統 53
3.7.3 微小維氏硬度機 55
3.7.4 表面粗糙度量測儀 56
3.7.5 色彩輝度計 58
第四章 實驗結果與討論 59
4.1 機械性質的分析 59
4.1.1 溫度對於PMMA影響 59
4.2 奈米銀/PMMA複合樹脂分析 61
4.2.1 表面孔洞覆蓋率 62
4.2.2 表面粗糙度分析 64
4.2.3 顏色變化探討分析 68
4.2.4 奈米壓痕量測系統分析 72
4.2.5 微小維克氏硬度分析 75
4.2.6 硬度量測結果分析 76
4.3 均勻實驗法分析 78
4.3.1 均勻實驗法分析-線性回歸分析 78
4.3.2 均勻實驗法分析結果比較 82
4.4 Kriging反應曲面 83
4.5 抗菌性質分析 86
4.5.1 固態抗菌性分析 86
4.5.2 液體抗菌性分析 91
4.5.3 穿透式電子顯微鏡分析 100
第五章 結論與未來展望 101
5.1 結論 101
5.2 未來展望 103
參考文獻 104

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