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博碩士論文 etd-0701103-145239 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0701103-145239
論文名稱
Title
超音波誘發豐年蝦卵活化及助長之研究
The Biological Activation of Artemia Cyst Induced by Ultrasound Exposure
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
164
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2002-07-12
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-07-01
關鍵字
Keywords
生物技術、豐年蝦卵、超音波、共振頻率
Ultrasound, Resonance frequency, Biotechnology, Artemia Cyst
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
本研究的目的在於發展出超音波聲場對浮游甲殼生物-豐年蝦,其休眠卵於孵化過程的活化及助長效應,以呈現「建設性超音波生物效應」的完整面貌。過去的超音波生物效應研究,起初是為了建立超音波的安全使用範圍,故以高強度的超音波照射細胞組織或生物體,以瞭解生體組織被破壞的聲場強度臨界值。而超音波應用在食品工業與生化醫學上,大都是以高強度的聲場破壞細胞或組織,用以消毒殺菌食品或藉以獲得組織內相關的化學成份及破壞病變組織,因此超音波在過去的生物效應上多被定位為破壞與消除,僅有少數人針對超音波在活化、助長等建設性生物效應上的可能應用進行探討。
本研究為了探討建設性超音波生物效應,以Rayleigh-Plesset的空孔振動理論模擬豐年蝦休眠試體在孵化時期的結構特性,計算其共振頻率,以為超音波的基本照射頻率。本論文著眼於在豐年蝦卵孵化過程,以位於共振頻率與非共振頻率的超音波,分別建立均勻照射聲場來照射卵細胞試體。而在試體生物效應的觀察上,則以直接計算與觀察的方式為主。在超音波照射實驗中紀錄試體的各項生物特性,並配合顯微鏡觀察以透析超音波所造成的各種效應,並進行實驗組(有超音波照射)與控制組(無超音波照射)的比較。
根據豐年蝦卵殼外型及內部胚胎薄膜與水之間的作用,分別求得共振頻率理論值範圍為0.222~0.226 MHz與2.46~4.71 MHz。經不同設定下的超音波照射實驗後,得到豐年蝦卵孵化率在共振頻率中有最大提昇16%與孵化時間集中提前的活化及助長效應。此研究的成果可提昇建設性超音波生物技術,以為爾後相關生物研究之基礎。
Abstract
This proposal is about a project to study the biological activities of Artemia caused by ultrasound exposure. Ultrasound is employed clinically, for example, in medical diagnosis as a pulse-echo technique for obtaining information of tissue characteristics. It can also use the high-intensity-ultrasound to destroy the lump and pathogens of human tissues. In the other hand, the ultrasonic experiments of plant or insect tissues that contain gas in intercellular channels irradiate with megahertz frequencies of ultrasound, causing perturbation and destruction in nearby cells. Thus, the ultrasonic biological effect, in general, is destructive. However, ultrasound can be a noninvasive form of mechanical energy propagated in biologic organisms. This fact attracts our attention to identify the biologic mechanisms corresponding to the biological activation of Artemia induced by ultrasound exposure.
To perform the above-mentioned research, the oscillation of the Artemia in response to the ultrasound radiation is simulated using Rayleigh-Plesset’s bubble activation theory. The gas body activation theory is to calculate the resonant frequencies of the Artemia at different stages of its life. The calculated resonant frequency range of the Artemia cyst shape and the embryonic cuticle is about 0.222~0.226 MHz and 2.46~4.71 MHz. By using the above mentioned resonance frequency of the Artemia, the maximum relative growth rate was increasing 16%. It was found that the Artemia of activation and increasing the hatching rate appeared during irradiation.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄………………………………………………………………………………I
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………V
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………VII
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………XIII
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………XIV
第一章 前言………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究主題……………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究背景……………………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究目的……………………………………………………………………11
1.4 豐年蝦簡介…………………………………………………………………12
1.4.1 浮游甲殼動物……………………………………………………………12
1.4.2 休眠卵-豐年蝦…………………………………………………………13
1.5 章節說明……………………………………………………………………15
第二章 基本理論………………………………………………………………20
2.1 波動方程式…………………………………………………………………20
2.1.1 平面聲場的波動方程式…………………………………………………23
2.1.2 介質的粒子速度與粒子加速度…………………………………………25
2.1.3 超音波的強度與能量……………………………………………………25
2.2 超音波的空孔原理…………………………………………………………27
2.2.1 穩態空孔…………………………………………………………………27
2.2.2 暫態空孔…………………………………………………………………28
2.2.3 氣泡的收縮與溫度上升…………………………………………………29
2.2.4 氣泡的收縮與壓力上升…………………………………………………29
2.3 空孔氣泡動力學……………………………………………………………31
2.3.1 空孔氣泡運動方程式……………………………………………………31
2.4 Rayleigh-Plesset方程式…………………………………………………35
2.4.1 無阻尼的線性震盪………………………………………………………35
2.4.2 共振頻率…………………………………………………………………36
2.5 穩態阻尼振盪的共振頻率…………………………………………………38
第三章 實驗方法與步驟………………………………………………………43
3.1 實驗目的……………………………………………………………………43
3.2 實驗方法……………………………………………………………………44
3.2.1 照射聲場…………………………………………………………………44
3.2.1.1 超音波探頭聲場的設定………………………………………………44
3.2.1.2 照射容器的設計………………………………………………………46
3.2.2 實驗儀器…………………………………………………………………48
3.2.3 實驗照射共振頻率的選取………………………………………………51
3.2.3.1 MiLab分析量測軟體…………………………………………………51
3.2.3.2 理論值計算……………………………………………………………53
3.3 實驗步驟……………………………………………………………………57
3.3.1 豐年蝦卵的選用與先期培養……………………………………………57
3.3.2 豐年蝦卵超音波照射實驗的方法與流程………………………………59
第四章 實驗結果與討論………………………………………………………93
4.1 超音波照射系統的評估……………………………………………………94
4.1.1 實驗水槽與照射試片內聲場強度分布量測……………………………94
4.1.2 照射系統的強度設定……………………………………………………96
4.2 實驗參數設定………………………………………………………………98
4.2.1 超音波照射系統設定……………………………………………………98
4.2.2 實驗環境設定……………………………………………………………100
4.3 實驗結果統計記錄…………………………………………………………102
4.3.1 表格資料…………………………………………………………………102
4.3.2 圖形資料…………………………………………………………………104
4.4 結果與討論…………………………………………………………………109
4.4.1 孵化率方面的提昇………………………………………………………109
4.4.1.1 頻率對孵化率的影響…………………………………………………109
4.4.1.2 照射強度對孵化率的影響……………………………………………110
4.4.1.3 照射時間對孵化率的影響……………………………………………111
4.4.2 孵化時間的提前…………………………………………………………111
4.4.3 綜合討論…………………………………………………………………113
4.4.3.1 豐年蝦卵與實驗設定的關係…………………………………………113
4.4.3.2 實驗參數間的相互關聯性……………………………………………114
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………156
5.1 結論…………………………………………………………………………156
5.2 建議事項與未來展望………………………………………………………158
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………160
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