本研究的目的是由虛擬團隊領導者的角色扮演，來深入瞭解領導者在虛擬團隊之發展歷程中影響團隊績效的因素。透過觀察八個虛擬團隊領導者在其群組討論版（Web-BBS）上與其成員的互動行為，探究合作績效不同之虛擬團隊領導者的角色行為差異性，並以Wheelan（1999）提出的團隊發展整合模式來區分高績效團隊的生命歷程，找出團隊發展各階段中的重要領導者角色。
在專案任務進行過程中，團隊領導者必須因應團隊需求同時扮演Denison（1995）提出之領導者角色模式中的改革者（Innovator）、經紀人（Broker）、生產者（Producer）、主導者（Director）、協調者（Coordinator）、監督者（Monitor）、促進者（Facilitator）、及關懷者（Mentor）等八個角色。本研究以內容分析法（Content analysis）來分析虛擬團隊領導者在群組討論版的發言內容，最後針對虛擬團隊領導者角色對績效的影響、虛擬團隊的發展歷程、發展歷程中各階段的領導者角色行為、高績效團隊領導者之領導型態等四個主題，歸納出十八個研究發現。在團隊發展初期，領導者最重要的工作是為成員在團隊中的角色定位與工作內容定義清楚，建立良好的團隊運作模式。在團隊進入較穩定的階段後，領導者則要持續鼓勵成員進行對團隊任務有幫助的工作，加強成員對工作與團隊的認同感。而團隊任務最後的衝刺階段是最重要的時期，領導者必須積極參與並對成員所完成的工作內容進行確認及評估，以確保穩定而高品質的成果。整體而言，高績效的團隊領導者積極投入團隊任務，而其角色行為則以工作導向的行為為主、人際導向為輔，帶動團隊完成專案任務。
　　本研究結果可以輔助虛擬團隊之領導者在帶領團隊時，作為各階段行為策略的參考；並提供未來進一步研究虛擬團隊中成員互動行為時的基礎。

The objective of this thesis is to investigate factors related to virtual team’s collaborative performance from the view point of roles played by team leader. By observing the content of eight learning-task oriented virtual teams’ Web-BBS, we try to find the difference of role model played by team leaders with high and low performance in each stage of group development adopted from Wheelan’s integrated model of group development.
From the model of leadership roles, a team leader will play several roles at the same time in the process of a team project, such as innovator, broker, producer, director, coordinator, monitor, facilitator, and mentor. This role model is applied to observe team leaders’ behavior and construct the categories of content analysis.
According to the research results, the critical role played by team leader at the initial stage is director which makes members’ role and job in the team clearer. During the middle stage, the role of producer is helpful for team to keep stable growing toward high performance. In the final stage, the leader should actively participate in the team mission, and play the monitor role in order to reach superior quality of the team project.
The findings of this thesis will provide some suggestions about leader’s behavior in a virtual team, facilitate team development, and improve virtual team’s collaborative performance.

第一章、 緒論………………………………………………………1
第一節、研究背景與動機………………………………………………………1
第二節、研究目的………………………………………………………………2
第三節、研究流程………………………………………………………………3
第四節、論文架構………………………………………………………………4
第二章、 文獻探討…………………………………………………5
第一節、虛擬團隊………………………………………………………………5
第二節、團體發展………………………………………………………………7
第三節、領導者及其角色………………………………………………………11
第四節、虛擬團隊中的領導……………………………………………………24
第三章、 研究方法…………………………………………………25
第一節、研究方法的選擇………………………………………………………25
第二節、研究的基本規劃………………………………………………………28
第四章、 資料分析與研究發現……………………………………33
第一節、資料分析過程………………………………………………………34
第二節、資料分析的信度說明………………………………………………40
第三節、虛擬團隊領導者角色對績效之影響………………………………43
第四節、虛擬團隊的發展歷程分析結果……………………………………60
第五節、虛擬團隊發展歷程中之領導者角色行為…………………………63
第六節、高績效虛擬團隊領導者之領導型態………………………………68

第五章、 結論與建議………………………………………………73
第一節、研究結論與研究貢獻…………………………………………………73
第二節、後續研究方向…………………………………………………………76
參考文獻………………………………………………………………78

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