實驗室水槽試驗法及類神經網路法已被廣泛運用於波浪溯升與越波研究；但水槽試驗不僅所需成本與時間較多，也較易造成比尺效應；而類神經網路法，其訓練組資料亦多採用水槽試驗結果。不同於往昔的推導經驗公式，本研究嘗試以理論架構為基礎的數學式應用數值方法，Flow 3D模組，針對傾斜海堤搭配不同變因模擬越波量；模擬變因包含1:0.5~1:8共16組堤體坡度、堤上之消波塊單雙層及拋石單雙層等不同組合比例及離岸潛堤之6組堤頂寬度、6組堤頂水深及8組堤體所在水深。
由Flow 3D模擬之水槽試驗驗證結果，得知在(1)定量性質方面，Flow 3D模擬越波量與CLASH之水槽資料驗證差異約5%越波量；而相較於本實驗室水槽試驗結果則減少約19%越波量，可謂有良好之吻合；(2)定性性質方面，以Flow 3D模擬越堤相關過程圖之波形、溯升、溯降及越波等與實際水槽試驗過程相對應，有良好之相似性；因此推論Flow 3D可應用於本研究之後續越波量項目。
以Flow 3D模擬多種傾斜堤與潛堤變因得到以下結論：(1)在光滑無消波工之海堤應優先考慮1:4.5~1:8之坡度；(2)比較消波塊鋪設於堤腳及全鋪面結果發現，全鋪面效果較佳，並以雙層全鋪面所消減之波能較多；(3)拋石消波需探討整體之粗糙度情形方可討論越波情形；(4)綜合不同消波工搭配之模擬結果，以坡度1:8堤面5噸雙層全鋪面消波塊之越波量最小；(5)由模擬潛堤之多組變因搭配4組不同尖銳度波浪之結果，顯示堤高波高比越大，越波量則越小；頂寬波高比越大，越波量越小；潛堤所在水深越深，則碎波位置離堤體越遠，越波量越小。

Laboratory experiments and neural network method have been widely applied to the research on wave run-up and overtopping. The former is often costly and time consuming, as well as subject to scale effect; while the latter requires better training data for achieving good results. Unlike empirical methods established in the past, this research project adopts a theoretical framework integrated with a numerical method, Flow 3D, and focuses on modeling wave overtopping rate on a sloping and bermed seawall with several different dissipators. The front slopes investigated are within the range of 1:0.5~1:8(16 cases in all), for a sloping seawall with the Link blocks in single or double layers, ripraps in single or double layers and a submerged detached breakwater with 6 cases of top width in 6 cases of top depth and 8 types of water depth for submerged breakwater.
The outcome of verifying experimental results using Flow 3D is presented in two aspects: (1) Qualitatively, using difference of wave overtopping rate between Flow 3D modeling and CLAH data base within about 5 %; and difference of wave overtopping rate between Flow 3D results and laboratory experiments conducted in NSYSU about 19 %, thus indicating the model results of Flow 3D agree well with the results of laboratory experiments; (2) Quantitatively, using the waveforms of model results from Flow 3D and the experimental results. Based on these comparisons, it infers that Flow 3D can be adopted and applied to the present project.
Wave overtopping modeling using Flow 3D on a sloping seawall with various wave absorbing arrangements yield the following findings: (1) The slope of a smooth seawall should be within 1:4.5~1:8; (2) Link blocks on entire fronting slope are better than blocks on the toe only; and double layers of blocks are effective for reducing maximum wave energy; (3) To reduce wave energy on ripraps, the integral roughness should be taken into account; (4) On overall performance using different placements of dissipators for reducing overtopping, seawall with slope 1:8 with 5 tons of Link blocks in double layers on the entire front slope is the best; (5) Amongst the 4 different wave steepness tested for wave overtopping rate Q, it is found that Q reduces as SH/HS and SB/HS increase (SH: height of seawall; HS: wave height; SB: crown width), as well as deeper location for a submerged breakwater.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究方法 1
1.3 本文組織 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2.1 溯升與越波 3
2.2 越波相關研究 4
2.3 越波量估算 5
2.3.1 歐盟越波手冊 5
2.3.2 類神經網路 7
2.3.3越波量公式 11
2.4 Flow 3D相關研究 14
第三章 Flow 3D數值模式 15
3.1 軟體簡介 15
3.2 基本理論 15
3.2.1 Navier-Stokes 之控制方程式 15
3.2.2 Flow 3D控制方程式 16
3.3 體積函數法VOF (Volume of Fluid) 17
3.4 自由網格法FAVOR (Fraction Area/Volume Obstacle Representation) method 18
3.5紊流模式RNG k- ε(Renormalization Group) 19
3.6 網格處理法 20
3.7 數值離散方法與穩定收斂 22
3.8 Flow 3D操作流程 22
第四章 以Flow 3D驗證既有案例 36
4.1模式設定 36
4.1.1 基本設定 (General) 37
4.1.2 物理模組 (Physics) 38
4.1.3流體 (Fluids) 38
4.1.4網格及幾何 (Meshing & Geometry) 39
4.1.5 輸出設定 (Output) 41
4.1.6 數值解析 (Numerics) 41
4.2平均越波量之計算方法 42
4.3 CLASH資料庫驗證 43
4.4南星計畫縮尺水槽試驗驗證 49
第五章 實際案例模擬及應用 57
5.1 傾斜堤配置因子 57
5.1.1 傾斜堤前坡對越波量之影響 60
5.1.2 傾斜堤消波塊擺放方式對越波量之影響 62
5.1.3 傾斜堤塊石覆面層配置對越波量之影響 64
5.1.4 模擬傾斜堤越波之綜合比較 65
5.2 傾斜堤搭配潛堤的越波量探討 69
5.2.1 堤高波高比(SH /HS)與越波量(q)及溯升高(R)相關性 71
5.2.2 頂寬波高比(SB/HS)與越波量(q)及溯升高(R)相關性 73
5.2.3 潛堤位置對越波量之影響觀察 75
第六章 結論與建議 76
6.1結論 76
6.2 建議 78
參考文獻 79

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