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論文名稱 Title |
多重結晶性嵌段共聚物之薄膜結晶行為研究 Crystallization of Multiple-Crystalline Block Copolymers in Thin Film |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
107 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2013-07-15 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2013-08-06 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
單晶、嵌段共聚物、溶劑誘導結晶、溫度誘導結晶、磊晶、方向性 epitaxy, single crystal, melt crystallization, block copolymer, solvent-induced crystallization, orientation |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5770 次,被下載 68 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5770 times, has been downloaded 68 times. |
中文摘要 |
本篇論文是利用多重結晶性嵌段共聚物PEO-PCL-PLLA,經由控制結晶溫度和溶劑誘導時間來研究在薄膜狀態下的結晶行為,由DSC和in-situ WAXD結果確定PEO、PCL、PLLA鏈段都會結晶,再藉由TEM及SAED來探討薄膜狀態下的形態和繞射分析。在溫度誘導的過程中,都只能得到單一結晶層板,無法獲得雙層或三層的結晶層板,亦即在高溫結晶可以得到PLLA的單晶,室溫可以得到PCL的單晶,而在低溫結晶則可以得到PEO的單晶,然而,只要其中一個鏈段先結晶,之後不管怎麼調控溫度都無法再讓另外兩個鏈段結晶,這是因為先結晶的鏈段會形成一個堅固的結晶層板,而這個結晶層板會對其他鏈段造成局限效應,使另外兩個鏈段在溫度的控制下也無法結晶,所以在溫度誘導的製程最終只能得到單一鏈段結晶所形成的單晶。從SAED中可以分析結晶方向性,PLLA和PCL兩個結晶方向性的方向都是垂直基材表面的;在較低溫成長的PEO則是出現平行基材表面的現象。 此外,我們利用溶劑誘導的方法,選用不同的溶劑和誘導的時間來製備單晶,然而在溫度調控下無法得到的雙層和三層的結晶層板,在溶劑誘導的製程中可以利用時間的調控來得到。我們選用三種溶劑,分別是chlorobenzene,toluene和n-hexanol,其中chloobenzene對PEO和PCL都是相容性很好的溶劑;toluene則是較偏PCL選擇性溶劑,但是chlorobenzene和toluene對PLLA都是溶解度很差的溶劑;n-hexanol則是PLLA選擇性溶劑且對PCL是溶解度很差的溶劑。在chlorobenzene和toluene溶劑誘導結晶的過程中,結晶的順序是由PLLA先聚集結晶誘導PCL結晶,PCL再誘導PEO結晶,即PLLA→PCL→PEO,而在n-hexanol誘導結晶的過程中則是PCL先結晶在誘導PLLA結晶,即PCL→PLLA,這邊PEO不會結晶是因為PEO和n-hexanol都具有極性,n-hexanol對PEO溶解性很好使得PEO無法結晶,此結晶順序在另一個PLLA分子鏈較短不會結晶的樣品PEO-PCL-PLLA也可以得到,由此可知,在溶劑誘導結晶的過程中,結晶的順序性和溶劑的相容性有很大的關係。和前段溫度控制不同,利用溶劑誘導出來的單晶,單層、雙層、三層結晶層板中的PLLA,PCL和PEO的結晶方向性都是垂直於基材表面。 最後,我們發現PLLA和PCL有磊晶的現象,兩個結晶的a軸互相夾0o和90o的磊晶,還有夾角是30o的”soft epitaxy”,這是利用PLLA的(110)結晶面和PCL的b軸相互平行而磊晶;PCL和PEO也有磊晶的現象,互相夾20o,利用PEO的(120)結晶面平行PCL的(110)結晶面磊晶,稱作”soft epitaxy”。 |
Abstract |
In this study, crystal growths of multiple-crystalline poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(L-lactide) (PEO-PCL-PLLA) triblock copolymers in thin films are investigated by melt and solvent-induced crystallizations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in-situ wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results indicate that the PEO, PCL, and PLLA blocks are able to sequentially crystallize in bulk state. The crystalline morphologies of the PEO-PCL-PLLA in thin films were explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) associated with selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). Only single crystallization of PLLA, PCL or PEO, i.e., one of the blocks is crystallizable and the others are non-crystalline, can be found in the melt-crystallized PEO-PCL-PLLA thin films. This might be due to a crystalline template driven by the first-crystallized block, giving a robust confined environment for the subsequent crystallization. Notably, the PLLA and PCL single crystals with flat-on orientation (i.e., c-axis is perpendicular to substrate surface) can be observed, whereas the PEO single crystal possess edge-on (i.e., c-axis is parallel to substrate surface) orientation due to low crystallization temperature. Most interestingly, single- double- or/and triple-crystalline morphologies can be observed in the PEO-PCL-PLLA thin films by solvent-induced crystallization. After solvent annealing by neutral chlorobenzene and PCL-selective toluene, the development of crystalline morphologies from single to double and to triple crystallization in sequence, that is PLLA → PCL → PEO, is carried out due to solvent selectivity. By contrast, after solvent annealing by n-hexanol, the evolution of crystalline morphologies from single to double crystallization in sequence, that is PCL → PLLA, is accomplished. The non-crystalline PEO block is attributed to strong polar interaction between PEO and n-hexanol, giving rise to dissolution of the PEO. Similar crystalline tendency can be observed in the PEO-PCL-PLLA BCP thin film having non-crystalline PLLA block due to short chain length. In contrast to melt crystallization, the solvent-induced formation of single crystals all exhibit flat-on chain orientation consistent to that obtained from solution crystallization. Most interestingly, these solvent-induced crystalline morphologies exhibit epitaxial crystallization associated with the crystallization sequence. In the double-crystalline morphologies, i.e., PLLA → PCL or PCL → PLLA, two cases with the angle θ = 0o or 90o between aPLLA and aPCL are found, indicating the lattice matching between the PLLA and PCL crystals. In addition, the angle θ = 30o between the aPLLA and aPCL, in which the dimension of (110)PLLA is almost identical to bPCL, is obtained, namely, “soft epitaxy”. In the triple-crystalline morphologies, the third-crystallized PEO exhibits soft epitaxy with the preformed second-crystallized PCL crystal, in which the growth plane of (120)PEO is parallel to that of (110)PCL. As a result, the control of crystalline morphologies associated with different crystallization sequences and chain orientations can be achieved in the multiple-crystalline PEO-PCL-PLLA thin films by melt and solvent-induced crystallizations. |
目次 Table of Contents |
摘要...................................................................................................................................I Abstract...........................................................................................................................III Table of Contents...........................................................................................................VI List of Tables..................................................................................................................IX List of Figures..................................................................................................................X Chapter 1. Introduction....................................................................................................1 1.1 Self-assembly............................................................................................................1 1.2 Self-assembly of Block Copolymers..........................................................................2 1.3 Crystalline Diblock Coplymers...................................................................................4 1.3.1 Microphase-Separated Morphology of Semicrystalline BCPs................................4 1.3.2 Double Crystalline BCPs.........................................................................................7 1.4 Polymeric Single Crystal............................................................................................8 1.4.1 Single Crystals from Self-assembly of Homopolymers...........................................8 1.4.2 Single Crystals from Self-assembly of Block Coplymers......................................14 Chapter 2. Objectives....................................................................................................21 Chapter 3. Materials and Experimental Methods...........................................................23 3.1 Materials..................................................................................................................23 3.1.1 Synthesis of Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PEO-PCL-PLLA).....................................................................................................................23 3.1.2 Sample Preparation..............................................................................................24 3.1.2.1 Bulk Samples Prepared by Solution Casting.....................................................24 3.1.2.2 Thin Films Prepared by Spin Coating ................................................................25 3.2 Characterization of Multiple-Crystalline Block Copolymers.....................................25 3.2.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)..............................................................25 3.2.2 Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD)..........................................................................................................................26 3.2.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)............................................................27 Chapter 4. Results and Discussion................................................................................29 4.1 Crystallization Behaviors of PEO-PCL and PEO-PCL-PLLA...................................29 4.1.1 Crystallization Sequence......................................................................................29 4.1.2 Isothermal Crystallization......................................................................................36 4.2 Self-assembled Morphology....................................................................................38 4.3 Melt-Crystallized Morphology in Thin Film...............................................................42 4.3.1 Crystallization of PEO5-PCL3 in Thin Film...........................................................42 4.3.2 Crystallization of PEO5-PCL3-PLLA6 in Thin Film...............................................44 4.4 Solvent-Induced Crystallization in BCP Thin Film....................................................54 4.4.1 As-spun Thin Film Morphologies..........................................................................55 4.4.2 Morphologies after Solvent Annealing by Neutral Solvent for PEO and PCL blocks.............................................................................................................................56 4.4.3 Morphologies after Solvent Annealing by PCL-selective Solvent.........................62 4.4.4 Morphologies after Solvent Annealing by PLLA-selective Solvent.......................66 4.5 Epitaxial Crystallization............................................................................................72 Chapter 5. Conclusions..................................................................................................79 Chapter 6. References...................................................................................................82 |
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