論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:永不公開 not available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available
論文名稱 Title |
應用新穎修飾法改善鋰離子電池矽石墨負極材料電化學性質 Using Novel Modification Methods to Improve Electrochemical Properties of Silicon/graphite Anode Material in Lithium-ion Battery |
||
系所名稱 Department |
|||
畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
||
學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
174 |
|
研究生 Author |
|||
指導教授 Advisor |
|||
召集委員 Convenor |
|||
口試委員 Advisory Committee |
|||
口試日期 Date of Exam |
2014-07-17 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2014-08-02 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
負極材料、黏著劑、固體與電解液介面層、鋰離子電池 lithium ion battery, SEI film, binder, anode material |
||
統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5721 次,被下載 0 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5721 times, has been downloaded 0 times. |
中文摘要 |
近年來因全球暖化效應日趨嚴重,各先進國家無不致力於開發低污染的電動汽機車以及再生能源系統,以降低溫室效應氣體的排放。鋰離子電池因具有較其他二次電池更高之能量密度、更好的循環充放電性能及對環境低衝擊等優點,已成功的成為綠色能源主要產品。由於鋰離子電池是通過鋰離子嵌進/脫離來進行充放電過程,因此鋰離子電池的性能,高度依賴於負極材料的技術特性與品質,其活性與電容量等是影響鋰離子電池性能表現的最大關鍵。負極材料的選用必須考量能量密度、功率密度、適用電壓範圍、與電解液之間的安定作用、可逆的電化學反應等條件;傳統石墨負極材料雖然具有易操作性等優勢,其理論電容量僅達到372 mAh g-1,且常因重覆充放電過時鋰離子嵌入而伴隨著固體與電解液介面層的成長,以致結構不穩定,循環壽命減少。因此開發高性能鋰離子電池新型負極材料為現今首要之重點。 矽合金因為具有極高的比電容量(4200 mAhg-1),為目前鋰離子電池負極材料的開發首選材料,然而其缺點是在鋰離子嵌入造成體積膨脹(400%)與自身的低導電度,故本研究以新穎包覆微結構修飾法與成份設計,進行奈米級矽合金複合於介相石墨碳微球負極中,改善矽石墨複合負極材料導電性及電化學性質。而本論文共分為3個部份: (1)利用鋰離子電池測試載具進行放電速率測試及循環壽命測試,探討目前常用聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 及 苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠(SBR) 和羧甲基纖維素(CMC)等聚合物黏著劑為主的負極極板在高溫及低溫的行為,以瞭解黏著劑特性對鋰電池電化學行為在工作溫度適用性和特性影響,提高電池的綜合性能以瞭解此類關鍵性材料最佳製程應用,做為未來實用性的重點參考方向。 (2)選用不同水系黏著劑系統:聚丙烯酸酯類(PAA)、PAA複合CMC 及SBR複合CMC等,瞭解矽石墨複合負極材料在水系黏著劑製程之操作性及電化學特性,進行改善水系漿料的黏著特性並降低電極的阻抗。使用PAA/CMC (5/1)黏著劑製備之樣品第一圈可逆電容量為423mAh/g,到了第50圈電容量仍保有95%,與其它製備法比較,呈現極佳的循環電容量與穩定性。 (3)利用銅元素良好導電性及化學穩定性,於矽石墨複合負極極板進行銅元素濺鍍鍍膜,研究結果發現經由精確的厚度控制(約12 nm)所製備出的負極電極在循環壽命上有優異表現;此表面銅元素改質負極材料增加固體與電解液介面層的穩定性及極板導電性,大幅改善矽材料在充放電時體積劇烈膨脹的問題,使得在充放電過程中維持了電極中結構的穩定性,進而提升了電池的循環壽命。 |
Abstract |
Contemporary rechargeable energy technology scenarios with regard to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) must confront the growing demands of the 3C (computers, communications and consumer electronics) markets, power tools requirements, the needs of electric vehicles (EVs) and the additional demands of general energy storage systems (ESS). The graphite materials common in modern LIBs encounter difficulties regarding structural instability, ever-increasing capacity requirements, rate capability issues, cyclability decay. Alternately, anodes composed of silicon (Si) materials exhibit a dramatically superior theoretical Li storage capacity of around 4200 mAh g-1. However, silicon-based systems have displayed poor capacity retention during their cycle life due to relatively enormous volume expansion (~400%) upon lithium insertion. To compensate for the disadvantages of both graphite-based and silicon-based anode materials, new composite materials designs with appropriate encapsulation of both graphite and nanostructured Si are now being considered as potential anode materials for high energy applications. Such approaches employ hybrid silicon particles embedded in a MCMB (mesocarbon microbeads) graphite matrix formula so as to allow adequate swelling, flexibility and electrical conductivity. The polymeric binder contributes to the thermal stability and structural integrity of the graphite used in lithium ion batteries. The effects of the binder on the electrochemical performance of the anode are evaluated. Using a SBR/CMC binder is found to reduce the first-cycle irreversible capacity loss and, surprisingly, enhances the high-temperature cycle-life of the battery. Surface analysis suggests that the enhancements are consistent with reduced formation of the SEI layer on the graphite anode, indicating that the composition of the binder has significant influence on the formation of SEI on anodes. Effects of the SBR/CMC and PVDF binders on the electrochemical characteristics of the microsize MCMB anodes at low temperature are investigated by cold/heat shock testing. Under low temperature conditions and compared to anode electrodes with a SBR/CMC binder, it is observed that anode electrodes with a PVDF binder have lower impedance, lower charge transfer resistance, better rate capability and superior cycleability. A novel method is exploited to synthesize the nano-Si/graphite composite anode. Various binders of CMC, SBR and polyacrylic latex (PAA) are investigated in this paper. From the results, it appears that the silicon/graphite composite anode with a PAA/CMC/water binder manifests superior charging rate capability, the better capacity retention and the best cycle performances at 45oC among these anodes. This result can be attributed to the silicon/graphite composite anode with the PAA/CMC/water binder structure is very favorable for lithium storage, electrical conductivity and the ability of a LIB to accommodate the volume expansion and stress from the reaction of Si with Li during the charge/discharge process. Finally, a sputtered copper coating is deposited on a silicon/graphite composite and is investigated as an improved LIB anode material. A sputtered copper coating of approximately 12 nm thickness improves the rate capacity, maximum energy density and the elevated temperature cycling performance of LIBs containing silicon/graphite anodes. The presented results confirm that the modification provided by sputtered Cu to the morphology of the solid/electrolyte interface of the anode surface is of interest to the next generation of high performance LIBs. |
目次 Table of Contents |
中文摘要 ………..………………….………………...….……………....i Abstract ………….….……………………….………..………………..iii Table of Contents ………….………………………….….……………..v List of Tables ………………………………….……….….………….. vii List of Figures ………….....................................………………...... viii Chapter 1 Background …….......……………………..….……..……...1 1.1 Introduction to Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries ……………….3 1.2 Introduction to Anode materials ……....................................….6 1.3 Technological developments for LIB anode materials ……....11 1.4 Binder ………..........................................................................15 1.5 Motivation ……................................................…..……..…….19 Chapter 2 Enhanced High-Temperature Cycle-Life of Mesophase Graphite Anode with Styrene–Butadiene Rubber / Carboxymethyl Cellulose Binder…..........................................................................38 2.1 Introduction ………................................................………….…38 2.2 Experimental ………..…........................................………….…39 2.3 Results and discussion …………...........................…..……..…41 2.4 Conclusions …......………........................................……..…….49 Chapter 3 Effects of styrene-butadiene rubber/ carboxymethylcellulose (SBR/CMC) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binders on low temperature lithium ion batteries ..........…58 3.1 Introduction ………...........................................….….……...…58 3.2 Experimental ……….............................................…..……..…61 3.3 Results and discussion ……….....................................….....…64 3.4 Conclusions ………………….............................…….…........…73 Chapter 4 Comparative studies of different binders and their effects on electrochemical properties of high capacity silicon/graphite composite anode for lithium ion batteries ………........................…86 4.1 Introduction ……..………......................................….….………86 4.2 Experimental ……...........................................….….……….….90 4.3 Results and discussion ………….......................................…..93 4.4 Conclusions …………..........................……...………..….……104 Chapter 5 Sputtered copper coating on silicon/graphite composite anode for lithium ion batteries …..................................................119 5.1 Introduction ……..……………….................................…….….119 5.2 Experimental ……….……………..................................…...…123 5.3 Results and discussion …….……....................................…...126 5.4 Conclusions …..……………….........................…...…………..131 Chapter 6 Conclusions ………..........................................………142 References …………................................………….….………….148 |
參考文獻 References |
References [1]. Energy Information Administration, "International Energy Annual 2006". [2]. P. Baptista, M. Tomás, C. Silva, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35 (18) (2010) 10024. [3]. 日本資訊技術綜合研究所(IIT)Advanced rechargeable battery industry related investigation project 2013. [4]. 方瑞欽,楊模樺, “電動車輛用鋰電池發展趨勢”, 工業材料雜誌, 223 (2005) 80. [5]. N. Takami, H. Inagaki, Y. Tatebayashi, H. Saruwatari, K. Honda, S. Egusa. J. Power Sources, 244 (2013) 469. [6]. M. Majima, S. Ujiie, E. Yagasaki, K. Koyama, S. Inazawa, J. Power Sources, 101 (1) (2001), 53. [7]. J. H. Lee, S. Lee, U. Paik, Y.M. Choi, J. Power Sources, 147 (2005) 249. [8]. S.E. Cheon, C.W. Kwon, D.B. Kim, S.J. Hong, H.T. Kim, S.W. Kim, Electrochim. Acta, 46 (2000), 599. [9]. P.V. Braun, J. Cho, J.H. Pikul, W.P. King, H. Zhang, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 16 (2012) 186. [10]. K. Amine , R. Kanno , Y. Tzeng, MRS BULLETIN, 39 (2014) 395. [11]. 費定國,“鋰離子電池在電動車市場之展望”, 工業材料雜誌, 229 (2006) 141. [12]. K. Xu, Chem. Rev., 104 (2004) 4303. [13]. 朱文彬, “鋰離子二次電池極板的製造技術”, 工業材料雜誌, 299 (2011) 71. [14]. M.N. Obrovac, L. Christensen, D.B. Le, J.R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147 (2000) 3579. [15]. A.R. Kamali, D.J. Fray, Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 13 (2010) 147. [16]. F. Cao, I.V. Barsukov, H.J. Bang, P. Zaleski, J. Prakash, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147 (2000) 3579. [17]. C. Lampe-Onnerud, J. Shi, P. Onnerud, R. Chamberlain, B. Barnett, J. Power Sources, 97-98 (2001) 133. [18]. J. Besenhard (Ed.), Handbook of Battery Materials, WILEY-VCH New York, 1999. [19]. M. Inagaki, F. Kang (Ed.), “Carbon Materials Science and Engineering- From Fundamentals to Applications”, Tsinghua University Press Beijing, 2006. [20]. T. Liu, R. Luo, W. Qiao, S.-H. Yoon, I. Mochida, Electrochim. Acta, 55 (2010) 1696. [21]. J. Yang, X.Y. Zhou, J. Li, Y.L. Zou, J. J. Tang, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 135 (2012) 445. [22]. A. Nagai, K. Shimizu, M. Maeda, K. Gotoh, “Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Novel Hard-Carbon Optimized to Large-Size Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries”, M. Yoshio, R. J. Brodd, A. Kozawa, Editors, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (2009). [23]. 費定國,李日琪, “鋰離子電池陽極材料開發”, 工業材料雜誌, 165 (2000) 152. [24]. G. Wang, B. Zhang, M. Yue, X. Xu, M. Qu, Z. Yu, Solid State Ionics, 176 (2005) 905. [25]. H. Azuma, H. Imoto, S. Yamada, K. Sekai, J. Power Sources, 81-82 (1999) 1. [26]. T. Kasuh, A. Mabuchi, K. Tokumitsu, H. Fujimoto, J. Power Sources, 68 (1997) 99. [27]. I. Mochida, C.H. Ku, S.H. Yoon, Y. Korai, J. Power Sources, 75 (1998) 214. [28]. Y.P. Wu, C. Jiang, C. Wan, R. Holze, J. Power Sources, 111 (2002) 329. [29]. J. Wang, J-L Liu, Y-G Wang, C-X Wang, Y-Y Xia, Electrochim. Acta, 74 (2012) 1. [30]. A. Mabuchi, K. Tokumitsu, H. Fujimoto, T. Kasuh, J. Electrochem. Soc., 142 (1995) 1041. [31]. M. Umeda, K. Dokko, Y. Fujita, M. Mohamedi, I. Uchida, J.R. Selman, Electrochim. Acta, 47 (2001) 885. [32]. R. Alcántara, F.J. Fernández Madrigal, P. Lavela, J.L. Tirado, J.M. Mateos, C.G. de Salazar, R. Stoyanova, E. Zhecheva, Carbon, 38 (2000) 1031. [33]. P. Verma, P. Maire, P. Novák, Electrochim. Acta, 55 (2010) 6332. [34]. L.J. Fu, H. Liu, C. Li, Y.P. Wu, E. Rahm, R. Holze, H. Q. Wu, Solid State Sciences, 8 (2006) 113. [35]. Y.T. Lee, C.S. Yoon, Y.K. Sun, J. Power Sources, 139 (2005) 230. [36]. B. Veeraraghavan, J. Paul, B. Haran, B. Popov, J. Power Sources, 109 (2002) 377. [37]. L. Zou, F. Kang, Y.P. Zheng, W. Shen, Electrochim. Acta, 54 (15) (2009). [38]. J. Yang, Y. Takeda, N. Imanishi, T. Ichikawa, O. Yamamoto, Solid State Ionics, 135 (2000) 175. [39]. A. Trifonova, M. Winter, J. O. Besenhard, J. Power Sources, 174 (2007) 800. [40]. B. Fuchsbichler, C. Stangl, H. Kren, F. Uhlig, S. Koller, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 2889. [41]. G.X. Wang, J.H. Ahn, J. Yao, S. Bewlay, H.K. Liu, Electrochem. Commun., 6 (2004) 689. [42]. P. Hovington, M. Dontigny, A. Guerfi, J. Trottier, M. Lagacé, A. Mauger, C.M. Julien, K. Zaghib, J. Power Sources, 248 (2014) 457. [43]. T.S. Yeh, Y.S. Wu, Y.H. Lee, J. Alloys Compd., 515 (2012) 90. [44]. H. Nozaki, K. Nagaoka, K. Hoshi, N. Ohta, M. Inagaki, J. Power Sources, 194 (2009) 486. [45]. C. Liang, M. Gao, H. Pan, Y. Liu, M. Yan, J. Alloys Compd., 575 (2013) 246. [46]. L-F. Cui, L. Hu, H. Wu, J. W. Choi, Y. Cui, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158 (2011) A592. [47]. I.A. Profatilova, C. Stock, A. Schmitz, S. Passerini, M. Winter, J. Power Sources, 222 (2013) 140. [48]. H. Wu, Y. Cui, Nano Today, 7, (2012) 414. [49]. W.R. Liu, Y.C. Yen, H.C. Wu, M. Winter, N.L. Wu, J. Apply Electrochem., 39 (2009) 1643. [50]. Z. Luo, D. Fan, X. Liu, H. Mao, C. Yao, Z. Deng, J. Power Sources, 189 (2009) 16. [51]. S. Komaba, N. Yabuuchi, T. Ozeki, K. Okushi, H. Yui, K. Konno, Y. Katayama, T. Miura, J. Power Sources, 195 (2010) 6069. [52]. Y.N. Jo, Y. Kim, J.S. Kim, J.H. Song, K.J. Kim, C.Y. Kwag, D.J. Lee, C.W. Park, Y.J. Kim, J. Power Sources, 195 (2010) 6031. [53]. M. Zhang, X. Hou, J. Wang, M. Li, S. Hu, Z. Shao, X. Liu, J. Alloys Compd., 588 (2014) 206. [54]. M.L. Terranova, S. Orlanducci, E. Tamburri, V. Guglielmotti, M. Rossi, J. Power Sources, 246 (2014) 167. [55]. B.J. Jeon, J.K. Lee, J. Alloys Compd., 590 (2014) 254. [56]. X. Shen, D. Mu, S. Chen, B. Xu, B. Wu, F. Wu, J. Alloys Compd., 552 (2013) 60. [57]. J. Lai, H. Guo, Z. Wang, X. Li, X. Zhang, F. Wu, P. Yue, J. Alloys Compd., 530 (2012) 30. [58]. H. Wang, T. Umeno, K. Mizuma, M. Yoshio, J. Power Sources, 175 (2008) 886. [59]. K. Shin, D.J. Park, H.S. Lim, Y.K. Sun, K.D. Suh, Electrochim. Acta, 58 (2011) 578. [60]. K.S. Eom, T. Joshi, A. Bordes, I. Do, T. F. Fuller, J. Power Sources, 249 (2014) 118. [61]. D. Aurbach, E. Zinigrad, Y. Cohen, H. Teller, Solid State Ionics, 148 (2002) 405. [62]. D. Aurbach, B. Markovsky, I. Weissman, E. Levi, Y.E. Eli, Electrochim. Acta, 45 (1999) 67. [63]. J. Vetter, P. Novak, M.R. Wagner, C. Veitb, K.C. Möller, J.O. Besenhard, M. Winter, M.W. Mehrens, C. Vogler, A. Hammouche, J. Power Sources, 147 (2005) 269. [64]. H. Zheng, R. Yang, G. Liu, X. Song, V.S. Battaglia, J. Phys. Chem. C, 116 (2012) 4875. [65]. Z. Zhang, T. Zeng, Y. Lai, M. Jia, J. Li, J. Power Sources, 247 (2014) 1. [66]. S. Pejovnik, R. Dominko, M. Bele, M. Gaberscek, J. Jamnik, J. Power Sources, 184 (2008) 593. [67]. M. Yoo, C.W. Frank, S. Mori, S. Yamaguchi, Polymer, 44 (2003) 4197. [68]. L. Yue, L. Zhang, H. Zhong, J. Power Sources, 247 (2014) 327. [69]. H. Maleki, G. Deng, I. Kerzhner-Haller, A. Anani, Jason N. Howard, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147 (2000) 4470. [70]. A. Nagai, “Lithium-Ion Batteries: Applications of Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Related Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries”, M. Yoshio, R. J. Brodd, A. Kozawa, Editors, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (2009). [71]. W.R. Liu, M.H. Yang, H.C. Wu, S.M. Chiao, N.L. Wu, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 8 (2005) A100. [72]. N. Ding, J. Xu, Y.X. Yao, G. Wegner, I. Lieberwirth, C. Chen, J. Power Sources, 192 (2009) 644. [73]. N.S. Hochgatterer, M.R. Schweiger, S. Koller, P.R. Raimann, T. Wöhrle, C. Wurm, M. Winter, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 11 (2008) A76. [74]. H. Buqa, M. Holzapfel, F. Krumeich, C. Veit, P. Novák, J. Power Sources, 161 (2006) 617. [75]. A. Sano, M. Kurihara, K. Ogawa, T. Iijima, S. Maruyama, J. Power Sources, 192 (2009) 703. [76]. I. Kovalenko, B. Zdyrko, A. Magasinski, B. Hertzberg, Z. Milicev, R. Burtovyy, I. Luzinov, G. Yushin, Science, 334 (2011) 75. [77]. J.S. Kim, W. Choi, K.Y. Cho, D. Byun, J.C. Lim, J.K. Lee, J. Power Sources, 244 (2013) 521. [78]. L. Chen, X. Xie, J. Xie, K. Wang, J. Yang, J. Apply Electrochem., 36 (2006) 1099. [79]. H. Bryngelsson, M. Stjerndahl, T. Gustafsson, K. Edstrom, J. Power Sources, 174 (2007) 970. [80]. J.H. Lee, U. Paik, V.A. Hackley, Y.M. Choi, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 (2005) A1763. [81]. D. Mazouzi, B. Lestriez, L. Roué, D. Guyomard, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 12 (2009) A215. [82]. S. Leroy, F. Blanchard, R. Dedryveré, H. Martinez, B. Carre, D. Lemordant, D. Gonbeau, Surface and Interface Analysis, 37 (2005) 773. [83]. L. El Ouatani, R. Dedryveré, J.B. Ledeuil, C. Siret, P. Biensan, J. Desbrieres, D. Gonbeau, J. Power Sources, 189 (2009) 72. [84]. M. Lu, H. Cheng, Y. Yang, Electrochim. Acta, 53 (2008) 3539. [85]. F.M. Wang, H.M. Cheng, H.C. Wu, S.Y. Chu, C.S. Cheng, C.R. Yang, Electrochim. Acta, 54 (2009) 3344. [86]. H.C. Wu, C.Y. Su, D.T. Shieh, M.H. Yang, N.L. Wu, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 9 (2006) A537. [87]. V. Eshkenazi, E. Peled, L. Burstein, D. Golodnitsky, Solid State Ionics, 170 (2004) 83. [88]. M. Herstedt, D. P. Abraham, J. B. Kerr, K. Edstrom, Electrochim. Acta, 49 (2004) 5097. [89]. K. Edstrom, T. Gustafsson, J. Thomas, “Lithium-Ion Batteries: Solid-Electrolyte Interphase”, P. B. Balbuena and Y. Wang, Ed., Imperial College Press Publisher, London (2004). [90]. A.M. Andersson, K. Edstrom, J. Electrochem. Soc., 148 (2001) A1100. [91]. K. Edström, M. Herstedt, D. P. Abraham, J. Power Sources, 153 (2006) 380. [92]. D. Aurbach, B Markovsky, A. Shechter, Y.E. Eli, H Cohen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 143 (1996) 3809. [93]. D. Aurbach, J.S. Gnanaraj, W. Geissler, M. Schmidt, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151 (2004) A23. [94]. C.C. Chang, T.K. Chen, J. Power Sources, 193 (2009) 834. [95]. S. Santee, A. Xiao, L. Yang, J. Gnanaraj, B.L. Lucht, J. Power Sources, 194 (2013) 1053. [96]. M. Haregewoin, E. G. Leggesse, J.C. Jiang, F.M. Wang, B.J. Hwang, S.D. Lin, J. Power Sources, 244 (2013) 318. [97]. M.N. Richard, J.R. Dahn, J. Power Sources, 83 (1999) 71. [98]. J. Yamaki, H. Takatsuji, T. Kawamura, M. Egashira, Solid State Ionics 148 (2002) 241. [99]. C-K Back, J. Prakash, Thermochimica Acta, 520 (2011) 93. [100]. E.P. Roth, D.H. Doughty, J. Franklin, J. Power Sources, 134 (2004) 222. [101]. K. Amine, J. Liu, I. Belharouak, Electrochem. Commun., 7 (2005) 669. [102]. H.H. Chang, H.C. Wu, N.L. Wu, Electrochem. Commun., 10 (2008) 1823. [103]. B. Scrosati, J. Garche, J. Power Sources, 195 (2010) 2419. [104]. R. Dedryvere, H. Martinez, S. Leroy, D. Lemordant, F. Bonhomme, P. Biensan, D. Gonbeau, J. Power Sources, 174 (2007) 462. [105]. A.N. Jansen, D.W. Dees, D.P. Abraham, K. Amine, L. Henriksen, J. Power Sources, 174 (2007) 373. [106]. J.P. Yen, C.C. Chang, Y.R. Lin, S.T. Shen, J.L. Hong, J. Electrochem. Soc., 160 (2013) A1811. [107]. L.F. Xiao, Y. L. Cao, X.P. Ai, H.X. Yang, Electrochim. Acta 49 (2004) 4857. [108]. M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, V.S. Ryan-Mowrey, S. Surampudi, G.K.S. Prakash, J. Hu, I. Cheung, J. Power Sources, 119–121 (2003) 359. [109]. D.P. Abraham, J.R. Heaton, S.H. Kang, D.W. Dees, A.N. Jansen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155 (2008) A41. [110]. C. Wang, A.J. Appleby, F.E. Little, J. Electrochem. Soc., 149 (2002) A754. [111]. M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, S.G. Greenbaum, A. Hightower, C.C. Ahn, B. Fultz, J. Electrochem. Soc., 146 (1999) 3963. [112]. C.K. Huang, J.S. Sakamoto, J. Wolfenstine, S. Surampudi, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147 (2000) 2893. [113]. J. Fan, S. Tan, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (2006) A1081. [114]. B. Lestriez, S. Bahri, I. Sandu, L. Roue, D. Guyomard, Electrochem. Commun., 9 (2007) 2801. [115]. J.P. Yen, C.M. Lee, T.L. Wu, H.C. Wu, C.Y. Su, N.L. Wu, J. L. Hong, ECS Electrochemistry Letters, 1 (2012) A80. [116]. Z. Chen, L. Christensen, J.R. Dahn, Electrochem. Commun., 5 (2003) 919. [117]. F.M. Courtel, S. Niketic, D. Duguay, Y.A. Lebdeh, I.J. Davidson, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 2128. [118]. H. Yamamoto, H. Mori, “Lithium-Ion Batteries: SBR Binder (for Negative Electrode) and ACM Binder (for Positive Electrode)”, M. Yoshio, R. J. Brodd, A. Kozawa, Editors, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (2009). [119]. K. Kinoshita, K. Zaghib, J. Power Sources, 110 (2002) 416. [120]. R. Yazami, M. Deschamps, F. Genies, J.C. Frison, J. Power Sources, 68 (1997) 110. [121]. S. Zhang, P. Shi, Electrochim. Acta, 49 (2004) 1475. [122]. X.W. Zhang, C. Wang, A. J. Appleby, J. Power Sources, 114 (2003) 121. [123]. J. Chong, S. Xun, H. Zheng, X. Song, G. Liu, P. Ridgway, J.Q. Wang, V.S. Battagli, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 7707. [124]. M. Wakihara, O. Yamamoto, Editors, “Lithium Ion Batteries Fundamentals and Performance”, WILEY-VCH, Toyko, 1998. [125]. M. Yoshio, R.J. Brodd, A. Kozawa, Editors, “Lithium-Ion Batteries Science and Technologies”, Springer, 15-20 (2009). [126]. U. Kasavajjula, C. Wang, A. John Appleby, J. Power Sources, 163 (2007) 1003. [127]. W.J. Zhang, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 13. [128]. X. Zhao, X. Rui, W.W. Zhou, L. Tan, Q. Yan, Z. Lu, H. H. Hng, J. Power Sources, 250 (2014) 160. [129]. T. Moritaz, N. Takami, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 (2006) A425. [130]. S.W. Song, S.W. Baek, Electrochem. and Solid-State Letter. 12 (2009) A23. [131]. N.S Choi, K.H. Yew, W.U. Choi, S.S. Kim, J. Power Sources, 177 (2008) 590. [132]. V.A. Sethuraman, K. Kowolik, V. Srinivasan, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 393. [133]. J.P. Yen, C.C. Chang, Y.R. Lin, S.T. Shen, J.L. Hong, J. Alloys Compd., 598 (2014) 184. [134]. C.H. Doh, A. Veluchamy, D.J. Lee, J.H. Lee, B.S. Jin, S.I. Moon, C.W. Park, D.W. Kim, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 31 (2010) 1257. [135]. Q. Si, K. Hanai, T. Ichikawa, A. Hirano, N. Imanishi, Y. Takeda, O. Yamamoto, J. Power Sources, 195 (2010) 1720. [136]. L. Ji, H. Zheng, A. Ismach, Z. Tan, S. Xun, E. Lin, V. Battaglia, V. Srinivasan, Y. Zhang, Nano Energy, 1 (2012) 164. [137]. H. Wu, G. Zheng, N. Liu, T. J. Carney, Y. Yang, Y. Cui, Nano Letters, 12 (2012) 904. [138]. Y.S. Yoon, S.H. Jee, S.H. Lee, S.C. Nam, Surface & Coatings Technology, 206 (2011) 553. [139]. M. Li, X. Hou, Y. Sha, J. Wang, S. Hu, X. Liu, Z. Shao, J. Power Sources, 248 (2014) 721. [140]. A. Mabuchi, Tanso, 165 (1994) 298. [141]. Y. Chang, H. Li, L. Wu, T. Lu, J. Power Sources, 68 (1997) 187. [142]. J.P. Yen, C.C. Chang, Y.R. Lin, S.T. Shen, J.L. Hong, J. Electrochem. Soc., 160 (2013) A1811. [143]. G. Liu, X. Shen, K. Ui, L. Wang, N. Kumagai, J. Power Sources, 217 (2011) 108. [144]. T. Miyuki, T. Sakai, 機能材料, 33 (2013) 43. [145]. V.G. Khomenko, V.Z. Barsukov, J. E. Doninger, I. V. Barsukov, J. Power Sources, 165 (2007) 598. [146]. K. Ui, D. Fujii, Y. Niwata, T. Karouji, Y. Shibata, Y. Kadoma, K. Shimada, N. Kumagai, J. Power Sources 247 (2014) 981. [147]. Q. Wu, S. Ha, J. Prakash, D.W. Dees, W. Lu, Electrochim. Acta, 114 (2013) 1. [148]. B. Koo, H. Kim, Y. Cho, K.T. Lee, N.S Choi, J. Cho, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51 (2012) 8762. [149]. M.S. Wang, L.Z. Fan, J. Power Sources, 244 (2013) 570. [150]. H. Kim, M. Seo, M.H. Park, J. Cho, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49 (2010) 2146. [151]. H.Y. Lee, S.M. Lee, Electrochem. Commun., 6 (2004) 465. [152]. T. Jiang, S.C. Zhang, X.P. Qiu, W.T. Zhu, L.Q. Chen, Electrochem. Commun., 9 (2007) 930. [153]. O.J. Kwon, Y.S. Jung, J.H. Kim, S.M. Oh, J. Power Sources, 125 (2004) 221. [154]. I. Mochida, C.H. Ku, Y. Korai, Carbon, 39 (2001) 399. [155]. Y.P. Wu, S.B. Fang, Y.Y. Jiang, J. Power Sources, 75 (1998) 201. [156]. T. Osa, U. Akiba, I. Segawa, J.M. Bobbitt, Chem. Lett. 17 (1988) 1423. [157]. Y.S. Park, E-S. Oh, S.M. Lee, J. Power Sources, 248 (2014) 1191. [158]. J. Arai, T. Yamaki, S. Yamauchi, T. Yuasa, T. Maeshima, T. Sakai, M. Koseki, T. Horiba, J. Power Sources, 146 (2005) 788. [159]. H. Fujimoto, A. Mabuchi, K. Tokumitsu, T. Kasuh, J. Power Sources, 54 (1995) 440. [160]. R. Lv, J. Yang, P. Gao, Y. N. Li, J. Wang, J. Alloys Compd., 490 (2010) 84. [161]. H. Nakai, T. Kubota, A. Kita, A. Kawashima, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158 (2011) A798. [162]. G.K. Simon, B. Maruyama, M.F. Durstock, D.J. Burton, T. Goswami, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 10254. [163]. H. Li, C. Lu, B. Zhao, Electrochim. Acta, 120 (2014) 96. [164]. S. Koike, T. Fujieda, T. Sakai, S. Higuchi, J. Power Sources, 81-82 (1999) 581. [165]. F. Nobili, S. Dsoke, M. Mancini, R. Tossici, R. Marassi, J. Power Sources, 180 (2008) 845. [166]. S.R. Gowda, V. Pushparaj, S.H.G. Girishkumar, J.G. Gordon, H. Gullapalli, X. Zhan, P. M. Ajayan, A.L.M. Reddy, Nano Letters, 12 (2012) 6060. [167]. Q. Yuan, F. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Liang, D. Yan, Electrochim. Acta, 115 (2014) 16. [168]. J. Gao, L.J. Fu, H.P. Zhang, Y. P. Wu, H. Q. Wu, Electrochem. Commun., 8 (2006) 1726. [169]. M. Au, Y. He, Y. Zhao, H. Ghassemi, R.S. Yassar, B. Garcia-Diaz, T. Adams, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 9640. [170]. L.Q. Zhang, X.H. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Huang, T. Zhu, L. Gui, S.X. Mao, Z.Z. Ye, C.M. Wang, J.P. Sullivan, J.Y. Huang, ACS Nano, 5 (2011) 4800. [171]. H.S Kim, M.G So, S.M Lee, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 29 (2008) 2441. [172]. P. Wang, Y.N. Li, J. Yang, Y. Zheng, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1 (2006) 122. [173]. C,C. Nguyen, S.W. Song, Electrochem. Commun., 12 (2010) 1593. [174]. C,C. Nguyen, S.W. Song, Electrochim. Acta, 55 (2010) 3026. [175]. J. Yu, N. Ding, J. Wang, H. Zhang, D. Yang, J. Alloys Compd., 577 (2013) 564. [176]. B.C. Yu, Y. Hwa, J.H. Kim, H.J. Sohn, Electrochim. Acta, 117 (2014) 426. [177]. C.M. Hwang, J.W. Park, J. Power Sources, 196 (2011) 6772– 6780. |
電子全文 Fulltext |
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。 論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define 開放時間 Available: 校內 Campus:永不公開 not available 校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available 您的 IP(校外) 位址是 18.188.40.207 論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開 Your IP address is 18.188.40.207 This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available. |
紙本論文 Printed copies |
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。 開放時間 available 已公開 available |
QR Code |