針對大功率範圍運轉需求，本文提出返馳式轉換器之功因修正電路模組作為並聯運轉架構。各模組係獨立運作，且均操作在固定切換頻率、不連續電感電流模式，可藉由簡單的控制電路，達到功因修正和功率調節的功能。並聯運轉之模組在相同的導通率下，不需額外的均流控制，即可使各模組電流自動平均分配；且以平均相位移方式驅動，使總輸入電流於較高功率運轉時，呈現連續電流模式，兼具不連續與連續電流模式之優點。
本文設計製作完成10組100VA功因修正模組。模組之導通率由一單晶片微控制器控制，根據負載需求，調節輸出功率。並聯系統由高複雜度可程式邏輯元件(Complex Programmable Logic Device, CPLD) 產生平均相位移訊號；根據輸出電壓變動，啟動適當模組數量，並加入備用模組輪調功能，平均分配運轉時間。實驗證實此模組並聯運轉架構可達成的各項預期功能。

To fulfill the requirements of the operation in a wide power range, a parallel configuration with modular power factor correctors (PFCs) is proposed. Each PFC module is composed of a bridge-rectifier, a fly-back converter and associated passive filters. The fly-back converter is independently operated at a fixed frequency with a discontinuous inductor current. This allows the modules to achieve a high power factor and to regulate the output power with simple control. With the same duty-ratio and frequency, the total current will be distributed equally to each operating module without complex current sharing control. The operating modules are equally phase-shifted to take the advantages of the continuous current mode when operated at a higher power.
Experiments were conducted to achieve a power rating of 1 kVA by operating 10 PFC modules in parallel. The duty-ratio of the operating modules is controlled by a micro-controller to regulate the output power in accordance with the load requirement. A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is used for phase-shifting. All modules are operated in turn to share the operating cycles in a more equal manner. Experimental results demonstrate the parallel configuration can achieve the expected performances.

第一章 簡介 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 論文大綱 3
第二章 返馳式轉換器功因修正電路 4
2-1 功因修正電路 4
2-2 轉換器模組並聯架構 8
2-3 並聯模組控制方法 14
第三章 模組並聯架構及操作方法 16
3-1 模組並聯架構 16
3-2 平均相位移 21
3-3 並聯模組輸出功率調節 24
3-3-1 增加模組運轉 25
3-3-2 減少模組運轉 26
3-4 工作模組調度 27
第四章 電路實作與實驗量測 30
4-1 單模組電路 30
4-1-1 電路參數 30
4-1-2 運轉效能 32
4-2 控制電路 34
4-2-1 輸出功率調節電路 34
4-2-2 平均相位移波形產生電路 36
4-2-3 工作模組輪調控制電路 38
4-3 多模組並聯操作 40
4-3-1 單組輸出功率調節 40
4-3-2 模組輸出功率調節及輪調 43
4-3-3 模組並聯運轉 51
第五章 結論 57
參考文獻 59

[1] J. S. Subjak and J. S. Mcquilkin, “Harmonics-Causes, Effects, Measurements, and Analysis: An Update,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 26, No. 6, Nov./Dec. 1990, pp. 1034-1042.
[2] Y. Ji and F. Wang, “Single-Phase Diode Rectifier with Novel Passive Filter,” IEE Proceedings-Circuits, Devices and Systems, Vol. 145, Aug. 1998, pp. 254 – 259.
[3] A. R. Prasad, P. D. Ziogas, and S. Manias, “A Novel Passive Waveshaping Method for Single-Phase Diode Rectifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 37, No. 3, Dec. 1990, pp. 521-530.
[4] C. S. Moo, T. F. Lin, and Y. C. Hsieh, “A Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps with Constant Power Operation,” EPE-PEMC 2000, Kosice Slovak Republic, Sep. 2000, pp. 4-91~4-95.
[5] Y. C. Hsieh, Y. C. Chuang, and C. S. Moo, “A Power-Factor-Correction Circuit with High-Frequency Resonant Energy Tank,” EPE-PEMC 2000, Kosice Slovak Republic, Sep. 2000, pp. 2-50~2-55.
[6] C. S. Moo, C. R. Lee, and T. F. Lin, “A High-Power-Factor DC-Linked Resonant Inverter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. 1999, pp. 193-201.
[7] J. Sebastian, A. Fernandez, P. Villegas, M. Hernando, and M. J. Prieto, “New Topologies of Active Input Current Shapers to Allow AC-to-DC Converters to Comply with the IEC-1000-3-2,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 2000, Vol. 2, June 2000, pp. 565-570.
[8] C. S. Moo, H. L. Cheng, and S. J. Guo, “Designing Passive LC Filters with Contour Maps,” IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS 1997, May 1997, pp. 834-838.
[9] C. S. Moo, H. C. Yen, and C. R. Lee, ”Implementation of Orthogonal Arrays on Designing Passive LC Filters,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 1998, May 1998, pp. 1662-1667.
[10] J. Sebastian, M. Jaureguizer, and J. Uceda, “An Overview of Power Factor Correction in Single-Phase Off-Line Power Supply Systems,” IEEE Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, IECON 1994, Sep. 1994, pp. 1688-1693.
[11] H. Wei and I. Batarseh, “Comparison of Basic Converter Topologies for Power Factor Correction,” IEEE Proceedings, Southeastcon’98, Apr. 1998, pp. 348-353.
[12] J. S. Lai and D. Chen, “Design Consideration for Power Factor Correction Boost Converter Operating at the Boundary of Continuous Conduction Mode and Discontinuous Conduction Mode,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 1993, Mar. 1993, pp. 267-273.
[13] C. Qiao and K. M. Smedley, “A Topology Survey of Single Stage Power Factor Corrector with a Boost Type Input Current Shaper,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 2000, Vol. 1, Feb. 2000, pp. 11-4~11-11.
[14] H. Endo, T. Yamashita, and T. Sugiura, “A High-Power-Factor Buck Converter,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 1992, June/July 1992, pp.1071-1076.
[15] R. Erickson, M. Madigan, and S. Singer, “Design of a Simple High-Power-Factor Rectifier Based on the Flyback Converter,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 1990, Mar. 1990, pp. 792-801.
[16] W. Tang, Y. Jiang, G. C. Hua, F.C. Lee, and I. Cohen, “Power Factor Correction with Flyback Converter Employing Charge Control,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 1993, Mar. 1993, pp. 293-298.
[17] C. S. Moo, H. L. Cheng, and P. H. Lin, “Parallel Operation of Modular Power Factor Correction Circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 3, May 2002, pp. 399-404.
[18] 李聖華，切換式整流器之開發：模組化、控制及多模組操控，國立清華大學電機工程學系博士論文，中華民國93年。
[19] A. M. Wu, J. Xiao, D. Markovic and S. R. Sanders, “Digital PWM Control: Application in Voltage Regulation Modules,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 1999, Vol. 1, June/July 1999, pp. 77-83.
[20] S. Luo, Z. Ye, R. L. Lin and F. C. Lee, “A Classification and Evaluation of Paralleling Methods for Power Supply modules,” IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 1999, June/July 1999, Vol. 2, pp. 901-908.
[21] 艾祖華，具功因修正及無損耗緩震電路之整合型交/直流轉換器，國立成功大學電機工程學系博士論文，中華民國91年。
[22] R. Erickson, M. Madigan, and S. Singer, “Design of A Simple High-Power-Factor Rectifier based on the Flyback Converter,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 1990, Mar. 1990, pp. 792-801.
[23] S. J. Finney, B. W. Williams, and T. C. Green, “RCD Snubber Revisited,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 32, Jan./Feb. 1996, pp. 155-160.
[24] T. Ninomiya, T. Tanaka, and K. Harada, “Analysis and Optimization of a Nondissipative LC Turn-off Snubber,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 2, Apr. 1988, pp. 147-156.
[25] R. Petkov and L. Hobson, “Analysis and Optimisation of a Flyback Convertor with a Nondissipative Snubber,” IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, Vol. 142, No. 1, Jan. 1995, pp. 35-42.
[26] A. de Castro, P. Zumel, O. Garcia, T. Riesgo, and J. Uceda, “Concurrent and Simple Digital Controller of an AC/DC Converter with Power Factor Correction Based on an FPGA,” IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 18, Jan. 2003, pp. 334-343.
[27] 賈證主，VHDL數位系統設計與應用，台科大圖書股份有限公司，中華民國95年。