本研究之主要目的在研究錨碇物之種類及抓地力(holding capacity)之計算方法。一般箱網養殖工程常用之錨碇物可分為嵌埋錨(embedment anchor)、重力式錨(deadweight anchor)及樁式錨(pile anchor)等三種。試驗以嵌埋錨、重力式錨為研究的對象。嵌埋錨試驗是以三種不同重量之嵌埋錨為測試對象，測試其最大抓地力﹔重力式錨則是以七塊不同形式之剪力榫(shear key)做比較，研究何種底部形式有較佳的抓地力。
研究結果顯示，嵌埋錨在砂地試驗其最大抓地力約為其錨自重的12~19倍左右，並有隨著嵌埋錨自重成正比之趨勢﹔而在重力式錨中，以二種不同的計算方式去分析其理論抓地力，預測方法一是考慮錨碇塊各剪力榫間之被動土壓，但不考慮剪力榫間所包含的砂重﹔預測方法二是只考慮錨碇塊外部的被動土壓，但把錨碇塊剪力榫之間的淨砂重量加至錨碇塊重量中計算，計算結果以預測方法一在平底型、口字型、三、四、五橫條型與實驗拉力值同樣有增加抓地力的趨勢。而在預測方法二，在任何形式中，皆與試驗拉力值保持一定的誤差，最大則相差7.67%﹔在試驗中，錨碇塊因剪力榫型式的不同而有不同之抓地力，其中五橫條型的重力式錨，會有最大之抓地力。在六、七橫條型試驗值與預測方法一誤差較大，因被動土壓發展需要足夠的空間，此型剪力榫間隙太小，無法產生有效被動土壓以增加抓地力﹔因此設計錨碇型式時，其剪力榫間隙不宜過小，至少相當於一倍的剪力榫入土深度，才會產生被動土壓。

In this study, the holding capacity of anchors and their design methodology are investigated. In general, three kinds of anchors have been used in cage aquaculture engineering, including embedment anchors, deadweight anchors, and pile anchors. The maximum holding capacity of embedment anchors was analyzed via the results of experiments by increasing the weight of anchors, while the best holding capacity of deadweight anchors was investigated by changing the types of shear keys. Moreover, the designs and considerations of pile anchors were also discussed in Appendix A.
From the results of experiments, the maximum holding capacity of embedment anchors varies 12~19 times of their self-weight, and has the trend such as the holding capacity is in proportion to the weight of anchor. In the case of deadweight anchors, two methods were used to analyze the holding capacity, one is to consider the passive earth pressure behind each shear key of anchor block, and the other is to consider the net weight including the confined sand trapped inside of shear keys and its passive earth pressure at the outmost skirt key. It seems that the first method has more accurate than the second method until the number of keys equals 5 based on the experimental results. And, when the number of keys is greater and equal 6, the second method has better predictions than the first one. The main reason is that it is unable to fully develop the passive earth pressure in such a narrow space between the keys. Therefore, the interval between shear keys should at least equal 1 time of the key’s penetration depth according to this study.

第一章 緒論
1.1 前言--------------------------------------------------1
1.2 研究目的----------------------------------------------2
1.3 文獻回顧----------------------------------------------2
1.4 本文架構----------------------------------------------3
第二章 箱網養殖介紹
2.1 箱網的結構--------------------------------------------6
2.2 台灣常見之箱網型式------------------------------------8
2.3 箱網的材料需求---------------------------------------10
2.3.1 箱網設計應注意的事項-------------------------------11
2.3.2 箱網的設計流程-------------------------------------12
第三章 錨碇物抓地力實驗驗證
3.1 重力式錨試驗-----------------------------------------16
3.1.1 試驗目的-------------------------------------------16
3.1.2 模型製作-------------------------------------------16
3.1.3 實驗器材與設備-------------------------------------17
3.1.4 實驗佈置-------------------------------------------17
3.1.5 實驗步驟-------------------------------------------18
3.1.6 錨碇塊移動標準-------------------------------------19
3.1.7 土壤之相對密度-------------------------------------19
3.1.8重力式錨計算方法------------------------------------21
3.2 嵌埋錨試驗-------------------------------------------24
3.2.1 實驗目的-------------------------------------------24
3.2.2 實驗儀器-------------------------------------------25
3.2.3 實驗佈置-------------------------------------------26
3.2.4 分析及計算方法-------------------------------------27
第四章 實驗與數值結果比較
4.1 實驗資料處理 ----------------------------------------42
4.2 重力式錨實驗值與預測值比較---------------------------43
4.2.1 平底型錨碇塊驗證結果-------------------------------44
4.2.2 口字型錨碇塊驗證結果-------------------------------45
4.2.3 三橫條型錨碇塊驗證結果-----------------------------45
4.2.4 四橫條型錨碇塊驗證結果-----------------------------46
4.2.5 五橫條型錨碇塊驗證結果-----------------------------47
4.2.6 六橫條型錨碇塊驗證結果-----------------------------47
4.2.7 七橫條型錨碇塊驗證結果-----------------------------48
4.2.8 雙錨碇系統串聯與並聯實驗之探討---------------------49
4.3 嵌埋錨實驗結果---------------------------------------51
4.3.1 雙嵌埋錨串聯與並聯之效果---------------------------53
第五章 案例分析
5.1 重力式錨計算例---------------------------------------57
5.2 嵌埋錨計算例-----------------------------------------58
第六章 結論與建議
6.1 結論-------------------------------------------------60
6.1.1 重力式錨-------------------------------------------60
6.1.2 嵌埋錨---------------------------------------------61
6.2 建議-------------------------------------------------62
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------63
附錄A 重力式錨及樁式錨抓地力理論分析
A.1 重力式錨---------------------------------------------65
A.1.1 重力式錨的承載力-----------------------------------66
A.1.2 有效基底尺寸---------------------------------------68
A.1.3 修正係數-------------------------------------------69
A.1.4 側向負載分析---------------------------------------70
A.1.5 安全係數之決定-------------------------------------71
A.1.6 凝聚性土壤在靜態長時負載情形-----------------------72
A.1.7 重力式錨裝置傾倒安全性評估-------------------------72
A.1.8 剪力榫(Shear key)的設計----------------------------74
A.2 樁式錨-----------------------------------------------75
A.2.1 土壤特性-------------------------------------------75
A.2.2 樁式錨的設計負載-----------------------------------76
A.2.3 樁之側向負載分析-----------------------------------77
A.2.4 樁之軸向負載分析-----------------------------------79
A.2.5 剛樁之應力分析-------------------------------------81
A.2.6 樁式錨計算例---------------------------------------83
附錄B 錨碇物現場施工方式及其優缺點
B.1 嵌埋錨-----------------------------------------------87
B.2 重力式錨---------------------------------------------88
B.2.1 混凝土錨碇塊施工方式-------------------------------88
B.2.2 錨碇塊施工時應注意的事項---------------------------89
B.2.3 錨碇塊吊放應注意的事項-----------------------------89
B.3 樁式錨-----------------------------------------------90
B.4 三種錨碇物之優缺點-----------------------------------93
B.4.1 重力式錨之優缺點-----------------------------------93
B.4.2 嵌埋錨之優缺點-------------------------------------93
B.4.3 樁式錨之優缺點-------------------------------------94

(1)林平昇(1976)，「鋼筋混凝土理論之分析與設計」，榮茂圖書公
司。
(2)王文榮(1976)，「土壤力學與例題詳解」，徐氏基金會出版。
(3)蔣割荊(1980)，「浮標工程」，科學出版社，p280-287。
(4)黃材成(1998)，「箱網錨碇系統實驗研究」，行政院農委會計畫
研究報告。
(5)黃材成(1999)，「外海箱網養殖在颱風波浪之工程行為」，海洋
牧場研討會，基隆，pp.81-91。
(6)歐榮昌(2002)，「人工魚礁工程行為與箱網錨碇措施之研究」，
國立中山大學海洋環境及工程碩士學位論文。
(7)Das,B.M.,(1990).〝Principle of Foundation
Engineering〞,PWS-KENT Publishing Company, Boston.
(8)Klaren P.J.,(1973).〝Anchors in tandem or the use of
back-up anchors (piggybacks)〞,Holland Shipbuilding,
Anker Advies Bureau, pp.230-232.
(9)Neubecker S.R. and M.F.Randolph,(1995).〝Profile and
frictional capacity of embedded anchor chains〞,Journal
of the Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,
ASCE,121(11),pp.797-803.
(10)Neubecker S.R. and M.F.Randolph,(1996).〝The
performance of drag anchor and chain systems in
cohesive soil〞,Marine Georesources and
Geotechnology,Vol.14,pp.77-96.
(11)Rocker,K.Jr.,(1985).〝Handbook for Marine Geotechnical
Engineering〞,Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory,pp.4.1-
4.29,5.1-5.30,7.1-7.25.
(12)Taylar R.J. and Walker G.R.,(1984).〝Model and –scale
tests to evaluate the performance of drag anchors in
combination〞,Naval Civil Engineering
Laboratory,Technical Note N-1707.Port hueneme,Calif.
(13)Thorne, C.P.,(1998).〝Penetration and load capacity of
marine drag anchors in soft clay〞,Journal of
Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering,Vol.124,pp. 945-953.