在電力系統運轉與規劃時，如何減少系統弱點，使系統更加強健與安全，是一個非常重要的議題。近年來許多研究指出，在電力系統裝設儲能系統可有效地改善系統弱點，提高系統之安全性。本論文中利用弱點評估方法，依據發電機與線路跳脫來找出其對系統的衝擊因子，並藉由所提出之匯流排衝擊嚴重性 (Bus Impact Severity, BIS)分析方法，計算各匯流排之BIS指標。具有較高BIS指標的匯流排可視為是較佳的儲能系統裝設位置，因此論文中運用各匯流排之BIS值結合基因演算法，決定最佳儲能系統之裝設容量與位置。測試結果驗證所提出方法確實可找出最佳儲能系統之裝設容量與位置，進而改善電力系統之弱點，提升系統安全性。

In this thesis, security measures and vulnerability mitigation are mainly addressed. How to improve the system vulnerability is one of the main issues for power system operation and planning. Recent research revealed that Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) have a great potential to be used to improve system vulnerability. A vulnerability assessment is proposed in this thesis to identify the impact factors in the power systems due to generation outage and line outage. A Bus Impact Severity (BIS) analysis is then proposed and used to find the vulnerable buses in the system. The buses with the larger BIS value defined in this thesis are the better locations for ESSs placement. Formulations for optimal locations and capacities of ESSs placement are derived and then solved by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Test results show that the proposed method can be used to find the optimal locations and capacities for ESSs for system vulnerability improvement.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………...………………………………………………………….i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………..ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………….….iv
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………..vi
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………...vii
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………...1
1.1 Background……………………………………………………………………………..1
1.2 Objectives………………………………………………………………........................4
1.3 Literature review………………………………………………………………………..5
1.4 Thesis outline……………………………………………………………..…………….7
2. INTRODUCTION TO ESSs AND SYSTEM SECURITY …….…………………...8
2.1 Introduction to ESSs..……….…………………………………….………....8
2.1.1 Advanced Lead Acid Battery………….………………………......9
2.1.2 High Power Fly Wheel………………………………………...…..10
2.1.3 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)………….......12
2.1.4 Lithium Ion Battery…………………………………………...…...14
2.1.5 Pumped Hydro ………………………………………………...…..15
2.2 The Application of ESSs……………………………………………...……..16
2.3 Introduction to System Security…………………………………………..…19
2.3.1 Load Flow Analysis……………………………….……………….19
2.3.2 Operational Security Constraints………………..……………..…..24
3. OPTIMAL ESSs PLACEMENT FOR SYSTEM VULNERABILITY IMPROVEMENT………………………………………………………..……………...27
3.1 The proposed IF Definition…………………………………...………….…..27
3.1.1 IF for a Line Outage……………………………...………………..27
3.1.2 IF for a Generator Outage……………………...……………...…..28
3.2 Bus Impact Severity Analysis……………………………………………….31
3.3 A Simple Example for Vulnerability Assessment and System Severity Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………33
3.3.1 Vulnerability Assessment for an Outage of Line 8…………….....33
3.3.2 Vulnerability Assessment for an Outage of Generator 3…...…….36
3.3.3 NSIF and BIF analysis……………………………………...…….40
3.4 Problem Formulation and Solution Method…………………………...…...43
3.4.1 Problem Formulation for ESSs Placement………………………..43
3.4.2 GA-based Solution Techniques…………………………………...44
4. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………...…47
4.1 Test Results for the 6-bus Test System…………….………………..……...48
4.1.1 The 6-bus Case……………………………………………………49
4.2 Test Results for IEEE 30-bus Test System…………..……………………..51
4.3 Discussions……………………………………………………………….....54
5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH….……………….………………..58
REFERENCEs……………………………………………………………..………......60
APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………...…..63
BIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………..…...……....68

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