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博碩士論文 etd-0703117-145130 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0703117-145130
論文名稱
Title
含石墨烯/氧化鋁管狀複合膜結合同步電混凝/電過濾程序去除不同水體中新興污染物效能評估
Performance Evaluation of Simultaneous Electrocoagulation/ Electrofiltration Process Coupled with Tubular Composite Membranes Containing Graphene and Alumina for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Various Aqueous Solutions
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
195
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2017-06-12
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2017-08-03
關鍵字
Keywords
同步電混凝/電過濾程序、管狀陶瓷膜、新興污染物、生活污水、石墨烯
Emerging contaminants, Tubular ceramic membrane, EC/EF process, Graphene, Municipal Wastewater
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5674 次,被下載 15
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5674 times, has been downloaded 15 times.
中文摘要
延續本研究團隊於 2013 年 4 月至 2014 年 10 月期間,針對台灣南部某都市生活污水處理廠進/放流水中關切的新興污染物(包含:鄰苯二甲酸酯類(PAEs)、藥物類(Pharmaceuticals)-抗生素類與非抗生素類藥物及內分泌干擾物質)進行持續性逐月監測調查,本研究的監測調查工作起始於 2014 年11 月至 2015 年10 月,監測調查結果顯示,Di-n-butyl phthalate(DnBP)、Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP)、Acetaminophen(ACE)、Caffeine(CAF)、Cefalexin(CLX)及Sulfamethoxazole(SMX)於進流水中較常被檢出,而檢測濃度範圍則介於ng/L-μg/L 之間。
接著,本研究針對生活污水中檢出率較高之上述新興污染物當作關切的新興污染物並據以配製模擬水樣(濃度介於數百ng/L-數十μg/L),再以自行製備之含石墨烯/氧化鋁管狀複合膜結合同步電混凝/電過濾(EC/EF)程序處理含關切的新興污染物之模擬水樣,且進行去除效能評估當作前驅試驗。研究結果顯示,含石墨烯/氧化鋁管狀複合膜結合EC/EF 程序處理模擬水樣中關切的新興污染物,其最佳操作條件為透膜壓差294 kPa及電場強度40 V/cm下,關切的新興污染物去除率介於32-99%。由於藥物類去除效能方面仍有改善空間,遂將含石墨烯/氧化鋁管狀複合膜進行改良,於含石墨烯/氧化鋁管狀複合膜中製備另一中間碳層,藉以提昇關切的新興污染物之去除效能。
披覆一中間碳層之含石墨烯/碳/氧化鋁管狀複合膜結合EC/EF 程序處理模擬水樣中關切的新興污染物,其最佳操作條件為透膜壓差294 kPa及電場強度20 V/cm,關切的新興污染物去除率介於83.9-100%,針對關切的新興污染物去除效能有顯著提升。
最後,利用含石墨烯/碳/氧化鋁管狀複合膜結合EC/EF 程序處理實際生活污水進行去除關切的新興污染物之效能評估。研究結果顯示,於鋁電極當作犧牲性陽極、透膜壓差294 kPa及施加電場強度20 V/cm下,藥物類之去除率介於92.6-100% 之間;而PAEs方面則隨施加電場強度提昇而增加去除率,DEHP及DnBP去除率分別為79.9% 及90.4%。
Abstract
This work contains two parts. Part 1 was a continuing work for monitoring the concentrations of selected emerging contaminants (ECs) in the influents and effluents of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP). On the other hand, Part 2 was to evaluate the treatment performance of ECs removal from the influents of said MWWTP using the simultaneous electrocoagulation and electrofiltration (EC/EF) process coupled with a tubular composite membrane containing graphene and alumina. During the period of November 2014 to October 2015, the results of monthly investigation showed that di-n-butyl phthalate(DnBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP), acetaminophen(ACE), caffeine(CAF), cefalexin(CLX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were often detected with a concentration range of ng/L–μg/L. Thus, these compounds were selected as the target ECs for later treatment tests. A preliminary study for model solution showed that the EC/EF process coupled with a graphene/alumina tubular composite membrane yielded 32-99% removal for target ECs, in which pharmaceuticals were poor in removal. Therefore, an intermediate carbon layer was first coated on the membrane substrate, followed by the coating of membrane layer containing graphene and titania. The so prepared tubular composite membrane and the EC/EF process were used for the removal of target ECs from model solution. It was found that the removal efficiency for all target ECs has increased to 83.9-100% under the optimal conditions of 294 kPa for transmembrane pressure and 20 V/cm for electric field strength. Under the same operating conditions using the same tubular composite membrane and the EC/EF process for the influent of MWWTP, 92.6-100% removal was found for pharmaceuticals. However, it was found that 40 V/cm was needed to yield a greater removal of DEHP and DnBP, namely 79.9% and 90.4%, respectively.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
聲明切結書 ii
謝誌 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiv
照片目錄 xvii
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 5
1.3 研究內容與架構 5
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2.1. 新興污染物 9
2.1.1 關切的新興污染物常見之處理技術 16
2.1.2 關切的新興污染物其相關資訊 19
2.2 石墨烯簡介 26
2.2.1 石墨烯之製備方式 31
2.2.2 氧化石墨烯之特性 35
2.3 薄膜處理程序 36
2.3.1 薄膜定義與特性 36
2.3.2 薄膜之介紹 37
2.3.3 薄膜分離程序 39
2.3.4 薄膜組件之形式 41
2.4 電混凝及電過濾介紹 43
2.4.1 電混凝之應用 43
2.4.2 掃流電過濾之應用 46
2.5 同步電混凝/電過濾程序 51
第三章 實驗材料、設備與方法 55
3.1 實驗材料 55
3.1.1 生活污水廠進/放流水來源 55
3.1.2 模擬水樣配製 56
3.1.3 氧化鋁管狀膜及其複合膜製備介紹 56
3.1.4 其他材料與試藥 59
3.2 實驗設備 62
3.2.1 同步電混凝/電過濾模組 62
3.2.2 化學氣相沉積設備 64
3.2.3 蒸氣壓氣體滲透偵測裝置 66
3.2.4 其他實驗設備及儀器 66
3.3 氧化鋁管狀膜及其複合膜之製備 68
3.3.1 氧化鋁管狀膜 68
3.3.2 兩種含石墨烯/氧化鋁管狀複合膜製備方式 68
3.4 實驗方法 71
3.4.1 含關切新興污染之模擬水樣配製 71
3.4.2 水樣及濾液品質分析方法 71
3.4.3 同步電混凝/電過濾試驗 76
第四章 結果與討論 77
4.1 台灣南部某都市生活污水廠進/放流水中關切的新興污染物 調查與探討 77
4.1.1 台灣南部某都市生活污水廠進/放流水長期監測 77
4.1.2 綜合探討 85
4.2 管狀陶瓷膜及其複合膜之特性分析 91
4.2.1 顯微結構觀測 91
4.2.2 XRD 特性分析 95
4.2.3 拉曼光譜儀分析 96
4.2.4 孔徑分布測定 99
4.3 含石墨烯/氧化鋁管狀複合膜結合同步電混凝/電過濾程序去除水中新興污染物之前驅試驗探討 101
4.3.1 模擬水樣處理效能 101
4.4 含石墨烯/碳/氧化鋁管狀複合膜結合同步電混凝/電過濾程序去除水中新興污染物之探討 105
4.4.1 模擬水樣處理效能 105
4.4.2 生活污水處理效能 113
4.5 兩種管狀陶瓷複合膜分別結合同步電混凝/電過濾程序去除 不同水體中關切的新興污染物之綜合探討 125
4.6 操作成本之電費評估 128
第五章 結論與建議 130
5.1 結論 130
5.2 建議 133
參考文獻 134
附錄 159
碩士在學期間發表之學術論文 176
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