Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0704103-190717 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0704103-190717
論文名稱
Title
以模廠型人工溼地處理煉油及煉鋼廠廢水
Treatment of oil-refining and steel-milling wastewater by pilot-scale constructed wetland
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
144
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2003-06-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-07-04
關鍵字
Keywords
煉鋼廢水、煉油廢水、模廠型人工溼地系統
steel-milling wastewater, pilot-scale constructed wetland systems, oil-refining wastewater
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5690 次,被下載 4603
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5690 times, has been downloaded 4603 times.
中文摘要
隨著環保意識的抬頭及生活品質逐漸的提升,為達到能有效去除廢污水中之污染物,並且能保持美好生態環境,世界各國均有學者專家紛紛投入研究如何使用最自然的技術來處理廢污水。其中研究最廣泛的就是利用人工溼地系統來處理廢污水中的污染物質,該技術不但在操作維護成本上比一般的廢污水處理設備要低廉,且所耗的能源又少,不需添加額外的化學藥劑,因此也較無二次公害問題的產生,是一種相當經濟且實惠的水質淨化技術。在本研究中,將採用模廠型(pilot plant)之人工溼地廢水處理系統,並以南部某煉油廠及煉鋼廠做為本研究的研究對象。針對此煉油廠及煉鋼廠在分別經過高級及二級處理過後所產生的放流水,再排入人工溼地處理系統進行再淨化的處理。研究中將採用A、B、C三組人工溼地系統,其中A、B兩組模型槽規格為長4公尺、寬1公尺及高1公尺的長方體;C槽之規格則為長3.6公尺、寬1公尺及高1公尺之長方槽體。煉油廠人工溼地系統在經過不同階段之水力條件控制試驗分析後,其控制的水力停留時間依序為7天及5天,因此進流量A槽分別控制在210 mL /min及290 mL /min,而B槽則控制在115 mL/min及160mL/min;至於煉鋼廠之人工溼地系統則分別種植蘆葦及香蒲,其水力停留時間則控制在7天(進流量為135mL/min)。經分析溼地處理過後之水質變化情形,以找尋此溼地處理系統之較佳水力操作條件。透過兩種不同的介質(海砂及礫石)、不同型態(自由表面流及地下水流)及不同之濕生植物(蘆葦及香蒲)之人工溼地系統,以期能比較其處理成效及優劣性。研究結果發現,因煉油廠高級處理過後之放流水其變化甚大且無規則可依循,因此較不易判斷何階段為其最佳之水力操作條件。整體來說,人工溼地系統對於煉油廠經高級或二級處理後之放流水仍具有水質再淨化的效果,其中又以自由表面流系統表現似乎較佳;而煉鋼廠廢水在經過二級處理過後,其水質變化亦與煉油廠廢水相似,呈現出不規則的變化性,且污染物含量皆比煉油廠要高出許多,使得人工溼地系統對去除煉鋼廠水中污染物的效果大打折扣,不過其仍具有淨化水質的潛力。
Abstract
In recent years, interest in wastewater treatment through constructed wetlands has been significantly increased because of their low cost and energy requirement. In this study, pilot-scale constructed wetland systems were developed to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness on the treatment of oil-refining and steel-milling wastewater. The constructed wetland used to treat the oil-refining wastewater included one free water surface system (FWS) filled with sandy media and one subsurface flow system filled with gravel media. The plants grown on the wetland were Phragmites communis. The hydraulic retention time for the two systems was approximately 7 and 5 days, respectively. A two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland system was used to treat steel-milling wastewater. This system, which filled with gravel media were planted with Phragmites communis (the first stage) and Typha orientalis (the second stage). The hydraulic retention time for this system was approximately 7 days.
Experimental results showed that the two constructed wetland systems for the oil-refining wastewater treatment could remove most of the wastewater pollutants. Moreover, the first system (FWS) played a more important role on the wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the first stage of the wetland system, which was used for steel-milling wastewater treatment was not significant due to the inhibition of the plant growth by the wastewater. However, the treatment efficiency was increased at the second stage after planting new plants. Results from the two-stage treatment system indicate that higher treatment efficiencies were observed except for ammonium. Results from this study would be very useful in the design of constructed wetlands for practical application to treat oil-refining and steel-milling wastewaters.
目次 Table of Contents
摘要……………………………………………………………………….. I
目錄………………………………………………………………………... III
表目錄……………………………………………………………………... V
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………... VI
第一章 前言……………………………………………………………... 1
1.1 研究動機…………………………………………………….... 1
1.2 研究目的及方向……………………………………………… 3
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………. 5
2.1 溼地概論……………………………………………………… 5
2.1.1 溼地的定義……………………………………………. 5
2.1.2 溼地的貢獻……………………………………………. 5
2.1.3 溼地的種類……………………………………………. 6
2.2 人工溼地概論………………………………………………… 9
2.2.1 人工溼地的優缺點與研究應用………………………. 9
2.2.2 人工溼地的型態………………………………………. 11
2.2.3 人工溼地去除污染物之機制…………………………. 15
2.2.4 人工濕地水生植物的根區作用………………………. 19
2.2.5 人工溼地應用於工業廢水之處理……………………. 20
2.2.6 人工溼地規劃因素……………………………………. 21
2.3 工業用水概論………………………………………………… 23
2.3.1 工業用水之重要性…………………………………… 23
2.3.2 工業用水之分類……………………………………… 23
2.3.3 工業用水之水源……………………………………… 24
2.4 鋼鐵業概述…………………………………………………… 25
2.4.1 鋼鐵廠製程……………………………………………. 26
2.4.2 鋼鐵廠廢水來源………………………………………. 28
2.4.3 鋼鐵廢水的性質………………………………………. 29
2.4.4 鋼鐵廢水的處理………………………………………. 29
2.5 煉油廠概述…………………………………………………… 33
2.5.1 煉油廠用水……………………………………………. 33
2.5.2 煉油廠廢水來源………………………………………. 33
2.5.3 煉油廠廢水的處理……………………………………. 34
2.5.4 煉油廢水之回收再利用………………………………. 36
第三章 研究方法與步驟………………………………………………. 37
3.1 研究概述……………………………………………………… 37
3.2 實驗研究方法………………………………………………… 37
3.2.1 模廠型人工溼地之建立………………………………. 37
3.2.2 人工溼地模型槽之操作方法…………………………. 40
3.2.3 植物種類………………………………………………. 45
3.2.4 介質特性………………………………………………. 46
3.3 水質分析方法………………………………………………… 46
3.3.1 採樣方法與保存方法…………………………………. 46
3.3.2 水質分析項目與分析方法……………………………. 47
3.3.3 設備及儀器……………………………………………. 49
3.4 實驗分析之品管品保工作…………………………………… 50
第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………. 51
4.1 水質變化……………………………………………………… 51
4.2 煉油廠與煉鋼廠之水質變化………………………………… 51
4.2.1 溫度變化………………………………………………. 51
4.2.2 pH值變化………………………………………………. 54
4.2.3 水中懸浮固體物(SS)濃度及去除率變化……………… 57
4.2.4 水中化學需氧量(COD)濃度及去除率變化…………… 61
4.2.5 水中磷濃度及去除率變化……………………………... 65
4.2.6 水中氮濃度及去除率變化……………………………... 73
4.2.7 油脂、重金屬濃度及去除率變化……………………. 94
4.3 煉油廠各階段去除率之探討………………………………… 97
4.3.1 懸浮固體物(SS)在各階段平均去除…………………… 97
4.3.2 化學需氧量(COD)在各階段平均去除率之比較……… 97
4.3.3 磷在各階段平均去除率之比較………………………... 99
4.3.4 氮在在各階段平均去除率之比較……………………... 102
4.3.5油脂在在各階段平均去除率之比較…………………….. 105
4.4 煉油廠與煉鋼廠去除量之探討……………………………….. 107
4.5 煉鋼廠氮去除率之探討……………………………………….. 108
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………... 110
5.1 結論…………………………………………………………….. 110
5.2 建議…………………………………………………………….. 112
參考文獻………………………………………………………………… 114
附錄
參考文獻 References
Billore, S. K.; Singh, N.; Sharma, J. K.; Dass, P.; Nelson, R. M., “Horizontal Subsurface Flow Gravel Bed Constructed Wetland with Phragmites Karka in Central India,”Water Science and Technology, Vol.40, No.3, pp163-171(1999).

D‘Angelo E.M. and Reddy K. P. , “Diagenesis of organic matter in a wetland receiving hypereutrophic lake water:I.Distribution of dissolved nutrients in the soil and water column . J. ,” Environ. Qual. , Vol.23 , pp928-936(1994).

D‘Angelo E.M. and Reddy K. P. , “Diagenesis of organic matter in a wetland receiving hypereutrophic lake water:II. Role of inorganic electron acceptors in nutrient release . J., ” Environ. Qual. , Vol.23 , pp937-943(1994).

Gopal, Brij., “Natural and Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Potentials and Problems, ” Water Science and Technology, Vol.40, No.3, pp27-35(1999).

Haberl, R.; Perfler, R.; Mayer,“Constructed wetlands in Europe, ” Water Science and Technology, Vol.32, No.3, pp1-12(1995).

House, C.H.; Bergmann, B.A.; Stomp, A.M.; Frederick, D.J., “Combining constructed wetlands and aquatic and soil filters for reclamation and reuse of water, ” Ecological Engineering, Vol.12, No.1-2, pp27-38(1999).

IWA, “Special Group on Use of Macrophytes in Water Pollution Control,” Constructed Wetlands for Pollution Control-Process, Performance, Design and Operation, pp.19-22 (2000).

Ji, Guodong; Sun, Tieheng; Zhou, Qixing; Sui, Xin; Chang, Shijun; Li, Peijun, “Constructed subsurface flow wetland for treating heavy oil-produced water of the Liaohe Oilfield in China, ”Ecological Engineering, Vol.18, No.4, pp459-465(2002).
Joshua Graae, Shannon Keithley, Mimi Luc, Justin Pawl, Daniel Wilson, “ Alternative Solutions for Wastewater Treatment in U.S.-Mexico, ” Border Colonias: An Analysis From Socio-economic and Technological Perspectives, pp.98-100(1998).
Juwarkar, A. S.; Oke, B.; Juwarkar, A.; Patnaik, S. M., “Domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland in India, ” Water Science and Technology, Vol.32, No.3, pp291-294(1995).

Kadlec R. H., “ Chemical, physical and biological cycles in treatmemt.wetlands,” Water Science and Technology , Vol.40, No.3, pp.37-44(1999).

Kadlec, R.H., “Overview: surface flow constructed wetlands, ” Water Science and Technology, Vol.32, No.3, pp1-124(1995).



Luederitz, Volker; Eckert, Elke; Lange-Weber, Martina; Lange, Andreas; Gersberg, Richard M., “Nutrient removal efficiency and resource economics of vertical flow and horizontal flow constructed wetlands, ” Ecological Engineering, Vol.18, No.2, pp457-171(2001).

Williams, J. B.; Zambrano, D.; Ford, M. G.; May, E.; Butler, J. E. ,“Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Colombia, ” Water Science and Technology, Vol.40, No.3, pp217-223(1999).

Vrhovsek, Dani; Kukanja, Vlasta; Bulc, Tjasa, “Constructed wetland (CW) for industrial waste water treatment, ” Water Research, Vol.30, No.10, pp287-292(1996).

Zhu T. and Sikora F. J. , “Ammonium and nitrate removal in vegetated and unvegetated gravel bed microcosm wetlands, ” Wat. Sci. Tech. , Vol.32 , No.3 , pp219-228(1995).

于立平,”溼地公園規劃策略之研究-以高雄縣鳥松溼地公園為例”,中山大學海洋環境及工程研究所碩士論文,高雄,(1997)。

李永展,台灣現況2000 ,初版,ISBN 957-9767-73-4,綠科資訊有限公司,台北,頁127-128,2000。

邱文彥,”開發與保育的兼顧—人工濕地的應用與課題”,人工濕地生態工法應用於污染防制研習(討)會,高雄,頁89-91,2001。

林欣怡,”以礫石床人工濕地處理工業廢水之研究”,中山大學海洋環境及工程研究所碩士論文,高雄,2000。


林春吉,台灣水生植物2,初版,ISBN 957-41-0263-7,田野影像出版社,台北,頁70,151,2002。

施珮瑜,”以模廠型人工濕地處理煉油廢水之研究”,中山大學海洋環境及工程研究所碩士論文,高雄,2001。

高肇藩,工業用水,2版,ISBN 957-655-110-2,中國土木水利工程學會,台北,頁1,22-24,1994。

荊樹人等,”工溼地應用於點污染之防治”,人工濕地生態工法應用於污染防制研習(討)會,高雄,頁60,2001。

陳琪璜,煉油廠廢水之三級處理及回用,初版,經濟部,台北,頁1-2,1987。

楊磊,”人工濕地應用於海岸及離島型工業區廢水循環處理之研究”,中山大學海洋環境及工程學系,高雄,2000。

經濟部水資源局,台灣地區民國八十五年工業用水量統計報告,台北,頁4-6,1998。

經濟部工業局,鋼鐵業廢棄物資源化案例彙編,台北,頁3-8,1996。

鄭培勇,”珍惜水資源中油與您一起加油”,節約用水季刊,第15期,頁23-28,2000。

羅瑋琪,”以人工濕地處理煉油及煉鋼廢水之研究”,中山大學海洋環境及工程研究所碩士論文,高雄,2002。

蘇癸陽,工業廢水處理,再刷版,復漢書局,台南,頁233-237,353-356,1985。
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code