本研究於雪山隧道南下及北上車道及排氣豎井口進行採樣，其中第一時段為上午(8:00 − 10:00)、第二時段為中午(12:00 − 14:00)、第三時段下午(16:00 − 18:00)，分析56種揮發性有機物。隧道量測中南下出口濃度最高之物種為乙烯113.03 ppb，其次分別為異戊烷45.6 ppb、乙炔44.88 ppb、丙烯42.49 ppb及甲苯35.30 ppb；北上出口濃度最高之物種為乙烯93.07 ppb，其次分別為異戊烷50.19 ppb、丙烯44.09 ppb、乙炔39.38 ppb及甲苯32.18 ppb。隧道中有機物成分區分後南下北上路段近似，百分比由大至小順序為烷類(36.69% − 39.20%)、芳香族類(34.14% − 36.33%)、烯類(20.27% − 21.95%)、炔類(3.35% − 4.11%)及環烷類(1.06% − 1.35%)。
雪山隧道內南下路段車輛排放係數較高的物種為乙烯(4.93 ± 2.21 mg/veh-km)、異戊烷(4.85 ± 2.75 mg/veh-km)、甲苯(4.55 ± 1.31 mg/veh-km)、間,對-二甲苯(2.98 ± 0.90 mg/veh-km)以及丙烯(2.70 ± 0.88 mg/veh-km)；北上路段車輛排放係數較高的物種為異戊烷(6.78 ± 3.33 mg/veh-km)、乙烯(5.44 ± 2.63 mg/veh-km)、甲苯(5.32 ± 2.39 mg/veh-km)、丙烯(3.55 ± 1.67 mg/veh-km)以及間,對-二甲苯(3.36 ± 1.45 mg/veh-km)。排放係數較台灣其他公路隧道小，推測原因為隧道內污染物部分由豎井排放，導致隧道內濃度梯度不明顯。雪山隧道排氣豎井排放係數於假日與非假日具有明顯差異性，平日排放係數為53.40 mg/s − 82.74 mg/s，假日排放係數為72.24 mg/s − 180.60 mg/s，且豎井受排氣量影響甚鉅，造成部份排放係數標準差接近平均值。將豎井排放換算所得之排放係數與其他實驗結果接近。
臭氧生成潛勢量(OFP)於北上路段以烯類(47.5% − 48.5%)為最高，其次為芳香族類(40.2% − 41.3%)及烷類(9.8% − 10.1%)。南下結果與北上相近。

Hsuehshan tunnel which included two bore and three ventilation shaft systems is the longest (12.9 km) freeway tunnel in Taiwan. 56 species volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled in two different locations each bore and three emitted shafts to determine the emission factors (EFs). Each sampling day has three sampling period: morning (8:00-10:00), Noon (12:00-14:00) and afternoon 16:00-18:00). C2 species were analyzed by GC/FID and C3 − C12 species were analyzed by GC/MS.
The composition in southern bore was expressed by alkanes (36.69% − 39.20%), aromatics (34.14% − 36.33%), alkenes (20.27% − 21.95%), Alkynes (3.35% − 4.11%) and Naphthenes (1.06% − 1.35%). Northern bore had the similar profile.
Ethylene (4.93 ± 2.21 mg/veh-km), Isopropane (4.85 ± 2.75 mg/veh-km), toluene (4.55 ± 1.31 mg/veh-km), m,p-xylene (2.98 ± 0.90 mg/veh-km) and propylene (2.70 ± 0.88 mg/veh-km) are the top five abundant VOCs in southern bore ; Isopropane (6.78 ± 3.33 mg/veh-km), ethylene (5.44 ± 2.63 mg/veh-km), toluene (5.32 ± 2.39 mg/veh-km), propylene (3.55 ± 1.67 mg/veh-km) and m,p-xylene (3.36 ± 1.45 mg/veh-km) are the top five abundant VOCs in northern bore. The EFs were smaller than other freeway tunnel investigated. Shaft emitted the partial mass of VOCs result in concentration gradient dropped off.
The total VOCs EF of shafts during holidays was in the range of 72.24 mg/s − 180.60 mg/s higher than on weekdays in the range of 53.40 mg/s − 82.74 mg/s. The EF of shafts had effected by air-extracting apparatus, so standard deviations (S.D.) varied widely. Combining the EF of shaft with EF of tunnel we obtained the overall vehicle EF which was close to other freeway tunnel results.
The proportion of Ozone formation potential (OFP) in both bore were alkenes (47.5% − 48.5%), aromatics (40.2% − 42.3%) and alkanes (9.8% − 10.1%). Note that sum of alkenes and aromatics exceeded 90%.

謝誌I
摘要II
ABSTRACT III
目錄V
表目錄VIII
圖目錄IX

第一章 前言1-1
1.1 研究緣起1-1
1.2 研究目的1-1

第二章 文獻回顧2-1
2.1雪山隧道背景資料2-1
2.1.1雪山隧道周界之氣象背景概述2-1
2.1.2空氣品質背景濃度2-2
2.1.3車流量資料2-4
2.2雪山隧道描述2-8
2.2.1雪山隧道地理位置2-8
2.2.2雪山隧道構造及尺寸2-9
2.2.3雪山隧道通風系統2-10
2.2.4隧道內空氣品質法規及設計值2-11
2.3移動源排放之特性與影響因子2-14
2.3.1移動源排放之特性2-14
2.3.2隧道移動源之排放係數2-15
2.3.3影響移動源排放之因子2-17
2.4揮發性有機物對人體之健康危害與風險評估2-19
2.4.1健康危害2-19
2.4.2健康風險評估2-20

第三章 研究方法與步驟3-1
3.1 研究架構與流程3-1
3.2現場採樣規劃3-2
3.2.1採樣及頻率規劃3-2
3.3 VOCs之採樣與分析3-5
3.3.1 VOC採樣3-5
3.3.2 VOC分析3-6
3.4品質保證與品質管理3-10
3.4.1檢量線製備3-10
3.4.2準確度3-12
3.4.3精密度(RSD)3-12
3.5移動源排放係數及排放量推估3-13
3.6臭氧生成潛勢分析3-15
3.6.1最大增量反應性3-15
3.6.2臭氧生成潛勢量(OFP)評估法3-18

第四章 結果與討論4-1
4.1雪山隧道揮發性有機物濃度變化及特性分析4-1
4.1.1雪山隧道採樣日基本資料4-1
4.1.2雪山隧道揮發性有機物濃度4-6
4.1.3雪山隧道揮發性有機物特性分析4-13
4.2雪山隧道豎井揮發性有機物濃度變化及特性分析4-16
4.2.1雪山隧道排氣豎井揮發性有機物濃度4-16
4.2.2雪山隧道排氣豎井揮發性有機物特性分析4-21
4.3雪山隧道車輛及豎井排放量推估4-24
4.3.1車輛排放係數推估4-24
4.3.2雪山隧道與國內公路隧道排放係數比較4-29
4.3.3豎井排放係數推估4-34
4.3.4雪山隧道排放量推估4-40
4.3.5臭氧生成潛勢量(OFP)評估法4-43

第五章 結論與建議5-1
5.1 結論5-1
5.2 建議5-3

參考文獻 參-1
附錄A分析樣品之精確度與準確度 附A-1
附錄B風機手動運轉週期 附B-1
附錄C作者簡歷 附C-1

表目錄
表2.2-1 三組通風豎井尺寸2-11
表2.2-2 國內外公路隧道內空氣品質設計標準2-12
表2.2-3 雪山隧道之空氣品質設計與通風系統運轉模式2-13
表2.3-1 汽油柴油成份標準2-18
表2.4-1 HAPs之致癌分類單位風險及慢性非致癌參考濃度值2-22
表3.2-1 採樣時間及頻率3-2
表3.2-2 雪山隧道排氣豎井資料3-3
表3.3-1 採樣分析之56種揮發性有機物3-7
表3.6-1 最大增量反應性(MIR)反應尺度資料表3-17
表4.1-1 隧道內採樣氣象資料4-3
表4.1-2 採樣日期各時段之車流量4-5
表4.1-3 雪山隧道內各採樣點之濃度分佈4-7
表4.1-4 採樣物種碳數分類表4-15
表4.2-1 雪山隧道豎井採樣點濃度分布4-18
表4.3-1 隧道內排放係數4-26
表4.3-2 車流量百分組成4-28
表4.3-3 國內公路隧道比較表4-30
表4.3-4 豎井排放各時段風速4-34
表4.3-5 豎井排放係數4-36
表4.3-6 豎井TVOC排放係數假日非假日比較4-38
表4.3-7 雪山隧道排放係數4-42
表4.3-8 隧道臭氧生成潛勢量4-45
表4.3-9 豎井臭氧生成潛勢量4-45

圖目錄
圖2.1-1 雪山隧道坪林行控中心空氣品質監測站風花圖(05/10~06/3)2-1
圖2.1-2 雪山隧道坪林行控中心空氣品質監測值2-4
圖2.1-3 雪山隧道2007年各月份日平均車流量2-5
圖2.1-4 雪山隧道各月份逐時車輛數(民國96年6−12月)(a)北上(b)南下2-6
圖2.1-5 2007年週車流量變化圖2-7
圖2.2-1 國道五號及雪山隧道位置圖2-8
圖2.2-2 隧道斷面示意圖2-9
圖2.2-3 雪山隧道三組通風豎井示意圖2-10
圖2.4-1 模擬56種VOC與氫氧自由基反應之半衰期2-21
圖3.1-1 研究架構流程圖3-1
圖3.2-1 雪山隧道內採樣點位置3-3
圖3.2-2 雪山隧道豎井採樣點位置3-4
圖3.3-1 豎井採樣示意圖(a)豎井外觀(b)現場採樣3-5
圖3.3-2 分析系統簡圖3-6
圖3.3-3 FID操作升溫曲線示意圖3-8
圖3.3-4 MS操作升溫曲線示意圖3-9
圖3.3-5 GC/MS分析揮發性有機物圖譜3-9
圖3.4-1 GC-FID分析C2物種之減量線3-11
圖3.5-1 行駛雪山隧道交通排放量推估之示意圖3-14
圖4.1-1 雪山隧道南下出入口各物種濃度4-10
圖4.1-2 雪山隧道北上出入口各物種濃度4-10
圖4.1-3 南下出入口TVOC濃度時段變化(a)平日(b)假日4-11
圖4.1-4 北上出入口TVOC濃度時段變化(a)平日(b)假日4-12
圖4.1-5 隧道內VOCs濃度百分組成4-13
圖4.1-6 雪山隧道南下北上各碳數百分比4-15
圖4.2-1 雪山隧道豎井採樣點TVOC時段變化(a)平日(b)假日4-21
圖4.2-2 雪山隧道排氣豎井濃度百分組成4-22
圖4.2-3 豎井口碳數分類排放濃度4-23
圖4.3-1 隧道排放系數比較4-33
圖4.3-2 豎井各時段排放係數變化4-39

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