中文摘要

單縱模雷射具有頻率穩定及雜訊小等優點，可用來做精密量測、檢測定位等高附加價值之應用；產生單縱模雷射有許多不同的技術，例如在線型共振腔腔內加入其他光學元件或是以環型共振腔取代線型共振腔；文獻上環型共振腔是目前單縱模技術中最穩定的方法。

本研究目的主要是在設計一套結構簡單、成本低、效率高之單縱模紅外光、綠、藍光雷射。承接我們以往已開發之雙鏡式立體環型共振腔所組成的單縱模紅外光(1064 nm)、綠光(532 nm)雷射系統，我們希望以相同之架構及原理，進而達成更短波長之單縱模946 nm與藍光(473 nm)雷射。

在本論文中，除了介紹如何在我們的雙鏡式結構，藉由單方向之控制，使得雷射光在環型共振腔內得以行進波方式前進，消除空間燒孔效應以及腔內倍頻後所造成的綠(藍)光問題，而達成穩定輸出單縱模雷射之機制，並介紹我們針對多波長光學鍍膜於增益介質晶體、輸入/輸出耦合透鏡等表面，並且搭配模態匹配的數值模擬分析及雷射晶體散熱系統，來克服準三能階的熱效應問題；更進一步地，利用雙鏡式共振腔的另一重要課題：多次再入射的特性及分析，達到立體8字形946 nm雷射，並控制其單方向輸出。

本實驗架構具有體積小、元件少、設計簡單之特性，可以產生穩定之單縱模雷射輸出，非常具有產品開發的價值。

Abstract

Single frequency laser has the advantages of high stability in frequency and low noise. Therefore, single frequency laser is now widely used in applications, such as high precision measurement, holography and data storage. Attempts to generate second harmonic radiation using a linear cavity have typically resulted in significant amplitude fluctuations due to longitudinal mode coupling. Various techniques have been proposed for solving the so called “green(blue) problem” to achieve single longitudinal mode operation, such as inserting optical component in the conventional linear cavity or use ring cavity instead of linear cavity. Uni-directional ring cavity has shown to be the most robust method for producing single frequency laser.

The purpose of this study is to develop compact, low-cost and high-efficiency single frequency IR, green and blue lasers. To continue our preview achievement in single frequency IR and green laser systems, shorter wavelength for 946 nm and blue (473 nm) single frequency laser were attempted.

In this thesis, we introduced how could only two spherical mirrors to form the laser cavity for traveling wave oscillation and eliminate “spatial hole burning” caused by the standing wave operation. And we overcome the thermal problem of quasi-three-level laser by multi-wavelength coating on gain medium and input/output couplers, numerical simulation for mode match, and TE-cooling system for laser crystal. Finally, a non-planar figure “8” 946-nm ring laser were developed using the multi-reentrant ring cavity, and controlled beam path at uni-directional operation.

This symmetrical two-mirror figure “8” ring cavity has the merit of compact, few optical elements, and easy design. The stable single frequency laser output of our ring cavity promises to make the design widely applicable to solid-state lasers.

目 錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………………….i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………ii
目錄……………………………………………………………………...iv
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………...vi
表目錄…………………………………………………………………....x
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………..1
第二章 單縱模紅外光與藍光雷射之原理
2.1 Nd:YAG 雷射晶體……………………………………….5
2.2 腔內倍頻之工作原理與倍頻晶體……………………...13
2.3 空間燒孔效應與藍光問題……………………………...26
2.4 綠/藍光環型共振腔之文獻回顧……………………….31
第三章 線型共振腔946 nm雷射
3.1 準三能階雷射工作機制與重複吸收損耗討論………...38
3.2 Ti:sapphire tunable laser特性量測………………………44
3.3 模態匹配數值模擬分析………………………………...50
3.4 雷射晶體金相製備與光學鍍膜設計…………………...55
3.5 雷射共振腔之光學鍍膜設計…………………………...59
3.6 雷射晶體散熱系統……………………………….……..66
3.7 946 nm 雷射特性量測…………………………………..70
第四章 雙鏡式環型共振腔之特性
4.1 雙鏡式立體環型共振腔單縱模紅外光
與藍光雷射之架構…………………………………......74
4.2 光束行進之單方向控制………………………….…..…77
4.3 多次再入射之雙鏡式共振腔特性及分析…………...…81
4.4雙鏡式立體環型共振腔946 nm雷射…………..…....…89
第五章 結論………………………….…..…………………………….98
參考文獻………………………….…..……………………………….100
中英對照表……………………….…..……………………………….104

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