紙錢燃燒排氣中含粒狀污染物，本研究以濕式洗滌器試驗其去除該排氣粒狀污染物之性能並作比較。
本研究設置一每小時可燃燒20 kg紙錢之金爐，另設置一最大可處理20 Am3/min (@35oC)排氣之洗滌器，作焚化排氣除塵試驗。供試紙錢為市售代表性類別，灰份2.1-4.1%、表觀密度0.26-0.48 g/cm3。紙錢燃燒排氣經抽風機抽引後，混合部分新鮮空氣，其溫度為300-400oC，該混合氣體再經導引管引進洗滌塔作除塵試驗。
試驗結果顯示：(1) 在焚化速率14.2-16.3 (平均15.3) kg/hr、抽氣量QG = 13.1、26.3 m3/min (@35oC)時，排氣粒狀物(TSP)濃度分別為93-157 (平均126)及127-182 (平均157) mg/m3，低抽氣量之TSP濃度較低。TSP去除率與循環洗滌水流量QL成正比，在QL = 60 L/min (洗滌截面液體強度4.0 L/m2.s)時，TSP去除率可達70%；(2)在焚化速率16 kg/hr、洗滌截面液體強度4.0 L/m2.s、抽氣量13.1或26.3 m3/min時，排氣煙度不顯著；(3)燃燒1 kg紙錢之循環水消耗量可設定為1.2-2.4公升，每1,000 Am3抽氣量之循環水消耗量為24-34公升；(4)欲達70% TSP去除率，洗滌器適當設計參數為：(a)液氣比(QL/QG) 3-6 L液體/(m3氣體@30oC)，(b)氣體通過洗滌段之空塔流速(UG) 0.6-1.2 m/s，(c)洗滌液通過洗滌段之空塔流速(UL) 0.004 m/s，(d)氣液接觸段長度約0.70 m
在抽氣量QG = 13.1、26.3 m3/min及廢氣洗滌循環水QL = 60 L/min時進行聞臭實驗，洗滌前後焚燒排氣之臭氣濃度分別為309及232，臭味去除率約為25%。洗滌塔出口燃燒氣狀產物CO2、CO、NO濃度均隨洗滌液循環量之增加而減少，NO2及SO2均無顯著變化。
利用原生紙漿進行自製金紙實驗，選用3% KClO3均勻噴灑於自製金紙上，比較燃燒的效果，噴灑藥劑的紙漿燃燒迅速，但其產生的白煙多。
洗滌循環水(灰水)經化學混凝後沉澱，可有效去除其中之懸浮固體物(SS)。在灰水pH＝7.0時添加15 mg/L FeCl3混凝沉澱，可將其中SS由100 mg/L降至<10 mg/L。
X光粉末繞射儀 (X-Ray Diffraction, XRD)分析結果顯示，紙錢燃燒底灰之O、Na、Al、Si 重&#63870;百分比分別為49.9、11.8、23.8、15.1%；飛灰C、O重&#63870;百分比為73.2%、26.8%，顯示有多&#63870;未燃燒碳&#63949;存。掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)&#63993;徑分析顯示，飛灰&#63993;徑分布範圍為20-110 nm，平均45-60 nm；底灰&#63993;徑分布為50-300 nm，平均250 nm。

A 20 kg/hr ritual-money combustion chamber and a 20 Am3/min (@35oC) wet scrubber were setup for performance tests on the removal of TSP (total solid particulates) from the combustion flue gas. Test results indicate that (1) TSP in the flue gas ranged from 93-157 (avg. 126) and 127-182 (avg. 157) mg/m3 (@35oC) at gas drawing rates (QG) of 13.1 and 26.3 m3/min (@35oC), respectively, and ritual-money combustion rates of 14.2-16.3 (avg. 15.3) kg/hr. The lower gas drawing rate gave lower TSP concentrations in the flue gas. TSP removal efficacy varied linearly with the liquid scrubbing rate (QL) and a 70% TSP removal was achieved at a QL of 60 L/min which is equivalent to a scrubbing-liquid intensity of 4.0 L/m2.s over the scrubber cross section. (2) Visual smoke intensity in the exit of the scrubber chimney was not apparent with a combustion rate of 16 kg/hr, scrubbing intensity of 4.0 L/m2.s, and gas drawing rates of 13.1 and 26.3 m3/min. (3) Scrubbing water consumptions of 1.2-2.4 L were estimated for a combustion of 1 kg ritual money. (4) Pertinent design parameters of a scrubber for 70% TSP removal from the flue gas are (a) liquid/gas ratio (QL/QG) = 3-6 L liquid/(m3 gas @30oC); (b) superficial gas velocity over the scrubber cross section (UG) = 0.6-1.2 m/s; (c) superficial liquid velocity over the scrubber cross section (UL) = 0.004 m/s; and (d) a gas-liquid contacting length of 0.70 m.
Results also show that the combustion exit gas odor concentration (D/T, dilution times to threshold) could be removed from 309 to 232 by the scrubber at operation conditions of QG = 13.1 and 26.3 m3/min, and QL = 60 L/min. Results also show that parts of CO2, CO, and NO could be removed by the scrubbing liquor, and there was no significant removal for NO2 and SO2 by the scrubber.
By spraying KClO3 on a homemade wood pulp ritual money at a dosage of 3 wt.%, it shows that it burned more rapidly and with more smoke emission than a non-sprayed sample.
Experiments also show that FeCl3 (15mg/L) was a satisfactory coagulant for enhancing the coagulation and sedimentation of the suspended solids (SS) in the wasted scrubbing liquor (known as Gray water). By the coagulant, SS in the Gray water with a pH of 7.0 could be removed from 100 to < 10 mg/L.
XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) examination of a bottom ash sample indicates that the ash has an elemental composition of O, Na, Al, and Si of 49.9, 11.8, 23.8, and 15.1%, respectively. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis indicates that the collected fly ash and the bottom one have particle sizes of 20-110 (mostly 45-60 nm) and 50-300 (average 250) nm, respectively.

第一章 前言 1-1
第二章 文獻回顧
2-1 紙錢之表觀密度及灰份測定 2-1
2-2 紙錢燃燒基本性質 2-1
2-3 紙錢燃燒過程 2-4
2-4 燃燒廢氣之特性 2-7
2-5 空氣污染防制設備 2-9
2-6 濕式洗滌器簡介 2-13
2-7 洗滌器去除粒狀污染物之機制 2-16
2-8 洗滌器去除粒狀污染物之影響因子探討 2-17
第三章 研究方法
3-1 試驗設備 3-1
3-2 紙錢組成分析 3-9
3-3 燃燒廢氣計算 3-10
3-4 紙錢燃燒廢氣測定採樣方法 3-11
3-5 金爐中燃燒之特性與其控制設備評估研究 3-12
第四章 結果及討論
4-1 燃燒紙錢之成份及粒徑分析 4-1
4-2 試驗條件 4-4
4-3 TSP去除率、洗滌前後濃度與循環水流量(QL)之關係 4-6
4-4 廢氣與循環水溫度之變化 4-10
4-5 排氣煙度變化 4-13
4-6 循環水用量及性質 4-15
4-7 燃燒紙錢之抽氣量設定 4-17
4-8 燃燒紙錢排氣各成分及濃度變化 4-18
4-9 自製金紙及噴灑助燃劑之燃燒比較 4-19
4-10 以瓶杯試驗混凝沉除灰水中懸浮固體物 4-22
4-11 清水除臭檢測 4-26
第五章 結論及建議 5
5-1 結論 5-1
5-2 建議 5-2
參考文獻 6

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