此研究嘗試檢視台灣在文化、經濟以及政治這三方面的改變。Ronald Inglehart的研究中提到這三個面向中，經過時間不斷地變遷，事實上是會互相關連以及相互影響的。而Richard Florida提出，背後影響這社會的各型生活方式、世界觀以及不同的價值，是因為人類有不斷衍伸的創造力。為了更深了解其中的變化，Inglehart以及他的同事已為此收集不同國家相關的調查問卷，也稱「世界價值觀問卷」。基於Inglehart的研究後，本篇將專注於了解以及解釋在台灣這個區域相關的變化。經過一連串問卷的設計以及收集分析後，此相關資料展示相當有價值的結果以及研究價值。而此篇內容將也從資料的分析結果後，對各個世代中的改變做更完整的詮釋。此外，也延展此篇內容到與瑞典區域做跨文化的比較與分析。從比較中，可以因此了解台灣區域屬於走向後現代主義階段。而且，年輕一輩的年輕人較老一輩的人更能有容忍的心態在面對所謂的少數族群。

This study examines changes in culture, economics and politics in Taiwan. Ronald Inglehart suggests that culture, economics and politics are mutually connected and these dynamics shape each other over time. Richard Florida argues that the driving force behind the transformation of a society’s lifestyles, worldview and values is the rise of human creativity. In order to observe the changes over time, Inglehart and his colleagues have been collecting data through questionnaires (World Values Survey) in countries around the world. The purpose of this study is to measure and interpret the recent changes in Taiwan. Data collected from Taiwan is compiled in a unique database for analysis. This paper discusses the findings from this analysis and interprets the direction of change brought by intergenerational change. In addition, a cross-cultural analysis between Sweden and Taiwan is performed using the latest data collected from the two countries. Results suggest that Taiwan’s shift is in the direction of Postmodernity. In addition, younger people are found to be more tolerant against different groups of people compared to the older generation.

Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………... IV
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………… V
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………… IX
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………….. X

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1. Preamble……………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2. Research Motives…………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.3. Research Questions…………………………………………………………………… 2
1.4. Structure of the Thesis………………………………………………………………… 2

2. Literature Review……………………………………………………………………… 4
2.1. Modernization Theories……………………………………………………… 4
2.2. Postmodernization and Existential Security…………………………………. 5
2.3. Predicting Cultural Change………………………………………………….. 6
2.4. Socio-economic Changes and Culture………………………………………. 6
2.5. Modernization and Postmodernization……………………………………… 9
2.6. Measuring Materialist and Postmaterialist Values…………………………… 10
2.7. The Shift Toward Postmaterial Values………………………………………. 11
2.8. Democracy and Economic Growth………………………………………….. 12
2.9. Postmaterialist Values and Democracy………………………………………. 14
2.10. Culture and Economic Growth……………………………………………… 15
2.10.1. Motivational Factors and Economic Growth……………………… 15
2.10.2. Social Capital and Economic Growth…………………………….. 16
2.11. Predicted and Observed Changes…………………………………………… 17
2.11.1. Norms concerning Abortion, Divorce and Homosexuality………. 17
2.11.2. Religious Norms…………………………………………………... 19
2.12. The Creative Class………………………………………………………….. 21
2.13. Economic Development: Technology, Talent and Tolerance………………. 22
2.14. Economic Development: Immigrants, Gay Index and Bohemian Index…… 22
2.15. Criticization on Florida’s Findings…………………………………………. 24
2.16. Criticization on Inglehart’s Findings……………………………………….. 25

3. Youth Values in Taiwan……………………………………………………………….. 26
3.1. Sample and Data Collection…………………………………………………. 26
3.2. Respondents’ Background…………………………………………………… 27
3.3. Future Employment………………………………………………………….. 30
3.4. Lifestyle and Values…………………………………………………………. 31
3.5. Politics and Society………………………………………………………….. 37
3.6. Views on Housing, Environment and Culture………………………………. 39
3.7. Views on Housing Environment in Taiwan…………………………………. 41
3.8. Views on Taiwan - China Relations………………………………………… 42

4. A Cross-cultural Analysis: Sweden vs. Taiwan……………………………………….. 43
4.1. Background Information……………………………………………………. 43
4.2. Tolerance Levels……………………………………………………………. 44
4.3. Occupational Structure……………………………………………………… 47
4.4. Occupational Preferences and Tolerance Levels……………………………. 50
4.5. Future Work and Life……………………………………………………….. 51
4.5.1. Current Priorities………………………………………………….. 51
4.5.2. Priorities in 15 years……………………………………………… 51
4.6. Life Priorities and Tolerance Levels……………………………………….. 53
4.7. Housing Preferences……………………………………………………….. 54
4.8. Concluding Remarks………………………………………………………. 55

References……………………………………………………………………………. 57

Appendices

Appendix A. Survey used in this study, in English and in Chinese………… 59
Appendix B. Ranking of cultural activities…………………………………. 80
Appendix C. Job preferences in Sweden and Taiwan………………………. 81
Appendix D. What is most important in life today…………………………. 82

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