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博碩士論文 etd-0707100-235307 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0707100-235307
論文名稱
Title
貝多芬鋼琴奏鳴曲中變奏樂章之探討
The Variation Movements in Beethoven's Piano Sonatas
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
113
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor

口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2000-06-27
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2000-07-07
關鍵字
Keywords
鋼琴奏鳴曲、變奏樂章、貝多芬
Piano Sonatas, Variation Movements, Beethoven
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5712 times, has been downloaded 5093 times.
中文摘要
中文提要﹕
變奏,從古至今不論在東方或西方的音樂中,一直是作曲家持續發展的創作手法之一。貝多芬一生的創作生涯歲月中,與變奏曲有著深刻的親密關係。在一八○○年之前,變奏曲的創作大部份以鍵盤樂器為主,包括十二首獨立鋼琴變奏曲,同時也包含少數室內樂與四手聯彈的形式。而一八○○年後,變奏曲深入各種器樂曲的大型曲式樂章中發展,如室內樂、協奏曲、交響曲或奏鳴曲的某一樂章。到一八一五年後,變奏手法更成為貝多芬晚期作品的特色。
本論文首先探討是變奏曲的定義,並從中世紀開始至古典時期,分四個階段研究變奏曲的歷史背景,在一八二三年之前變奏曲的類型,分成三方面:從樂曲的外觀來看,分為獨立的變奏曲和大型作品?堛瘍靮絳硈飽F從主題與變奏的關係來看,分為四種類型,依序為頑固低音變奏曲、定旋律變奏曲、固定和聲變奏曲與有固定和聲的旋律變奏曲;從曲式的角度來看,分為三種類型,依序為反覆樂節式的變奏曲、混合式變奏曲和類型變奏曲。
其次,探討貝多芬的變奏手法,以三首不同時期的絃樂四重奏作品、第三號交響曲和鋼琴變奏曲,為研究變奏手法的範圍,從素材、調性和主題等方面做探討。接著是作品研究,共有五首變奏樂章,依序是作品十四之二第二樂章、作品二十六第一樂章、作品五十七第二樂章、作品一○九第三樂章與作品一一一第二樂章,探討範圍包含兩部份﹕創作背景與樂曲分析。最後就先前討論作總結。
貝多芬嘗試將變奏曲式,安排在古典奏鳴曲的樂章中,在變奏手法做進一步的發展,使這五首鋼琴奏鳴曲的變奏樂章更具特色。
Abstract
英文提要﹕
Variation technique has always been one of the way of composing used by composers both in eastern and western music. During Beethoven's creative time, he worked on variation both technique and musical form frequently. Before 1800, he composed pieces based on variation technique for keyboard including 12 piano variations, few chambers and piano duets. After 1800, he started using variation more intensively. The pieces he wrote include in chambers, concertos and symphonies. Until 1815, the technique of variations became character on the late period of Beethoven.
In this thesis, The definition of variation will be introduced first. The historical background of variation will be discussed from Middle age to Classic period. Before 1823, the types of variation can be differentiated as the independent variations and variation movements in large works. And the technique could be divided into four types which are ostinato variations、cantus-firmus variations、fixed-harmony variations and melodic variations with fixed harmony. And the form of variation can be divided into three types which are strophic variations、hybrid variations and genre variations.
Then, three string Quartets from different periods、symphony No.3 and some piano variations will be discussed from the point of view of Beethoven's variation technique. And 5 pieces from piano sonatas of Beethoven's works-- Op.14 No.2 II movement, Op.26 I movement, Op.57 II movement, Op.109 III movement, and Op.111 II movement-- will be described in detail on the background of composing and form analyzing. Finally, conclusion will be given.
By adding variation movements to classic sonatas, Beethoven experienced the new technique of variation, and made these 5 sonatas much more unique and with variety.
目次 Table of Contents
序論………………………………………………………1
第一章 變奏曲概論……………………………………6
第一節 變奏曲的定義…………………………………6
第二節 變奏曲的歷史發展……………………………8
第三節 西元一八二三年之前的變奏曲類型…………19

第二章 貝多芬變奏手法的探討…………………………36
第一節 貝多芬的變奏曲作品…………………………36
第二節 室內樂作品的變奏手法…………………………38
第三節 交響曲作品的變奏手法…………………………45
第四節 鍵盤樂作品的變奏手法…………………………49

第三章 作品研究………….…………………………….59
第一節 作品十四之二第二樂章與
作品二十六第一樂章……………………………59
第二節 作品五十七第二樂章……………………………67
第三節 作品一○九第三樂章與
作品一一一第二樂章….…………………………70
第四節 綜合結論…………………………………………84

第四章 結論……………………………………………99
附錄一 …………………………………………………106
附錄二 …………………………………………………107
參考書目…………………………………………………109
參考文獻 References
Bibliography

一、英文書目
Barth, G. The Pianist as Orator: Beethoven and the Transformation of Keyboard
Style. Ithaca: Cornell University, 1992.
Behrend, W. Ludiwig von Beethoven's Piano Sonatas. London: J. M. Dent, 1927.
Berry, W. Form in Music. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
Blom, Eric. Beethoven's Pianoforte Sonatas Discussed. London: J. M. Dent, 1938.
Blume, Friedrich. Classic and Romantic Music. New York: Norton, 1970.
Caplin, W. E. Classical Form: A Theory of Formal Functions for the Instrumental
Music of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. New York: Oxford University Press,
1998.
Cooper, B. Beethoven and the Creative Process. New York: Oxford University Press
1990.
----------. The Beethoven Compendium: A Guide to Beethoven's life and Music.
New York: Thames and Hudson, 1992.
Czerny, Carl. On the Proper Performance of all Beethoven's Works for the Piano.
Edited by Badura-Skoda, USA: Universal Edition, 1970.
Cooper, M. Beethoven: The Last Decade 1817-1827. London: Oxford University
Press, 1970.
Dahlhaus, Carl. Nineteenth-Century Music. Trans. Bradford Robinson. Berkely:
University of California Press, 1989.
Downs, P. C. Classical Music. N.Y.: Norton, 1992.
Drake, K. The Beethoven Sonatas and the Creative Experience. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 1994.
Ewen, D. From Bach to Stravinsky: the History of Music by its Foremost Critics.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1933.
Ferguson, H. Keyboard Interpretation. London: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Green, D. M. Form in Tonal Music: An Introduction to Analysis. Orlando:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1979.
Hatten, R. Musical meaning in Beethoven: Markedness, Correlation and
Interpretation. Blooming: Indiana University Press, 1994.
Kirby, F. E. A Short History of Keyboard Music. Portland: Amadeus Press, 1995.

Kinderman, W.(ed.) Beethoven's Compositional Process. Lincoln: University of
Nebraska Press, 1991.
----------. Beethoven. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
----------. "Beethoven's High Comic Style in Piano Sonatas of the 1790s, or
Beethoven, Uncle Toby, and the 'Muckcart-driver.'" Beethoven Forum V
119-138.
Komlos, K. Fortepianos and Their Music. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Kolisch, R. "Tempo and Character in Beethoven Music." Music Quartely
(Spring 1993): 90-102.
Korsyn, Kevin. Integration in Works of Beethoven's Final Period. Ph.D. diss., Yale
University, 1983.
Kullak, A. The Aesthetics of Pianoforte Playing. N.Y.: Da Capo Press, 1972.
Kramer, L. Music as Cultural Practice, 1800-1900. Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1990.
Landon, H. C. Essays on the Viennese Classical Style: Gluck, Haydn, Mozart ,
Beethoven. New York: Macmillan Co., 1970.
Marshall, R. L.(ed.) Eighteenth-Century Keyboard Music. New York: Schirmer
Books, 1994.
Matthews, D. Beethoven Piano Sonatas. London: Aviel Music/BBC Publications,
1986.
Nelson, R. U. The Technique of Variation. Berkeley: University of California Press
1949.
Newman, W. S. Beethoven on Beethoven: Playing His Piano Music His Way.
N.Y.: Norton, 1988.
----------. The Sonata in the Classic Era. N.Y.: W. W. Norton and Company Inc,. 1983.

----------. "Beethoven's Pianos Versus His Piano Ideals." Journal of the American
Musicological Society (Fall 1970):485-504.
----------. "The Performance of Beethoven's Trills." Journal of the American
American Musicological Society (Fall 1976):439-462.
----------. Understanding Music. N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, 1961.
Randel, M. D. (ed.) The New Harvard Dictionary of Music(1986)
Ratner, Leonard G. Classic Music: Expression, Form and Style. New York: Schirmer
Books, 1980.
Rosen, Charles. Sonata Forms. New York: W. W. Norton and Company Inc., 1988.
----------. The Classical Style-Haydn, Mozart , Beethoven. New York: W. W. Norton
and Company Inc., 1997.
Schind, A. Beethoven as I Knew Him. New York: Dover Publications, 1996.
Sisman, E. Haydn and the Classical Variation. Cambridge: Harveard University Press
, 1993.
Sonneck, O. C.(ed.) Beethoven: Impressions by His Contemporaries. N.Y.: Dover
Publications, 1967.
Stowell, Robin. Performing Beethoven. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Thayer, Alexander Wheelock. The Life of Ludwig von Beethoven. London: Centaur
Press Ltd., 1960.
Todd, L. (ed.) Nineteenth-Century Piano Music. New York: Schirmer Book, 1990.
Tovey, Donald Francis. A Companion to Beethoven's Pianoforte Sonatas. London:
The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1948.
Tyson, A. Beethoven Studies. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Wolff, K. Masters of the Keyboard: Individual Style Elements in the Piano Music of
Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven Schubert, Chopin and Brahms. Blooming:
Indiana University Press, 1990.
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians(1980). S. v. "Beethoven" by
Joseph Kerman, Alan Tyson.
----------. S. v. "Variation" by Kurt von Fischer.


















二、中文書目
丁逢辰 譯,論析貝多芬32首鋼琴奏鳴曲。(台北市﹕大呂出版社,民國八十三)。
吳祖強,曲式與作品分析。(台北市﹕世界文物出版,民國八十三年)。
林勝儀 譯,柯爾托,鋼琴演奏解說。(台北市﹕全音樂譜出版社,民國六十七年)。
徐頌仁 ,音樂演奏的實際探討。(台北市﹕全音樂譜出版社,民國七十六年)。
楊孝敏 譯,貝多芬鋼琴奏鳴曲。(台北市﹕世界文物出版社,民國八十五年)。
錢南章 ,奏鳴曲創作原理。(台北市﹕中國文化大學出版部,民國七十三年)。
董學渝 ,貝多芬狄亞貝里33、c小調32變奏曲之研究。(台北市﹕全音樂譜出版
社,民國八十二年)。
熊思音、蕭宏欣主編,外國音樂曲名辭典。(台北市﹕名山出版社,民國七十六年)。
施新民、黃女娟主編,音樂名詞辭典。(台北市﹕五洲出版社,民國八十四年)。
左宜有、左宜德主編,音樂演奏術語辭典。(台北市﹕名山出版社,民國七十五年)。
葉綠娜等 譯,西洋音樂百科全書﹕牛津音樂辭典(上、下集)。(台北市﹕台灣麥克
股份有限公司,民國八十五年)。
洪萬隆 編,黎明音樂辭典。(台北市﹕黎明文化事業股份有限公司,民國八十三年)。
國立編譯館編,音樂名詞。(台北市﹕桂冠公司圖書編印,民國八十三)。
音樂表演用語詞典。(台北市﹕世界文物出版社,民國八十三年)。

三、中文期刊與論文
陳盈綺,貝多芬第三十二號鋼琴奏鳴曲c小調作品110之分析研究。(台北國立師
範大學音樂系碩士班,演奏演唱組詮釋報告,民國八十七年)。
范佩英,布拉姆斯鋼琴變奏曲之研究。(台北國立藝術學院音樂研究所,音樂學組
碩士論文,民國八十四年)。
彭聖錦,探討貝多芬鋼琴奏鳴曲之原始構想與實際演奏。古典音樂,卷73,民
國八十七年,頁92-98。
--------,探討貝多芬鋼琴奏鳴曲之原始構想與實際演奏。古典音樂,卷71,民
國八十七年,頁134-141。
游翠鈴,從C. P. E. 巴哈,貝多芬及李斯特的鋼琴作品來看鋼琴奏鳴曲的發展。
(台北國立藝術學院音樂研究所,演奏曲曲目報告,民國八十八年)。
顏秀慧,貝多芬「熱情奏鳴曲」樂曲分析與創作風格之探討。(東海大學音樂系碩
士班,碩士研究報告,民國八十六年)。
蘇雅評,變奏曲於鍵盤運用上之探討﹕海頓F小調變奏曲、貝多芬F大調變奏曲
與孟德爾頌「莊嚴變奏曲」之研究。(台北輔仁大學,演講演奏會書面綱要,
民國八十七年)。

四、樂譜部份
Beethoven, Ludwig Van. Piano Sonatas. Vol.I and II. Munich: G. Henle Vergal
Beethoven, Ludwig Van. String Quartet, Op.18 No.5. London: Ernst Eulenburg Ltd.
Beethoven, Ludwig Van. String Quartet, Op.74. London: Ernst Eulenburg Ltd. Beethoven, Ludwig Van. String Quartet, Op.131. London: Ernst Eulenburg Ltd.
Beethoven, Ludwig Van. The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven in Score. New York:
Bonanza Books.
Beethoven, Ludwig Van. Variationen fur Klavier. Band I and II. Munich: G. Henle
Vergal.
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