中文摘要

本研究的主要目的可分為三個層面。第一，從世界銀行出版的《2002世界發展指標光碟》，對1997年與2000年的「縱橫資料」估計各國的「交易效率指標」；第二，驗證交易效率指標對「每人國內生產毛額」、「國外投資淨流入」與「嬰兒死亡率」三項經濟表現變數的影響；最後則利用交易效率指標與其組成項目，配合「問卷調查法」比較兩岸三地與其他國家的交易效率水準。
研究結果發現，利用「因素分析法」萃取出的交易效率指標較高的國家，有較高的「每人國內生產毛額」與「國外投資淨流入」。此外，該國的「嬰兒死亡率」也比較低。
我們也發現，台灣的交易效率水準超越APEC會員體的平均表現、優於東亞及環太平洋國家，也高於開發中國家的平均水準。中國的交易效率發展水準僅超越開發中國家的平均表現。香港的交易效率水準則與已開發國家、八大工業國相當。因此兩岸三地的交易效率是以香港最高、台灣次之，中國居後。問卷調查的結果再次驗證香港的制度表現最滿意，其次為台灣、中國。
本研究的結論為，在東亞區域競爭中，台灣在交易效率的發展上，優於韓國與中國，但是不如新加坡、香港、日本。因此，台灣若要趕上先進國家的交易效率水準，不但要維持其在資訊通訊科技上的優勢，更重要的是提升在「制度」層面的表現，以冀望在世界的競爭中佔有一席之地。

Abstract

The goals of this study are threefold: first of all, cross-country data for 1997 and 2000, extracted from“2002 World Development Indicator” the World Bank, are utilized to estimate transaction efficiency indicators (TEIs) for various countries. Second, this study further examines the influences of transaction efficiency on the various economic developments, including per capita real income, foreign capital inflow, and infant mortality rate. Finally, this study applies questionnaire survey approach to carry out comparison between Taiwan, China and Hong Kong in terms of transaction costs and the institutional performances.
Utilizing “factor analysis” to measure cross-country TEIs, this study argues that countries with better TEIs generally have higher per capita incomes and FDI net inflows, but lower infant mortality rates. And, we may suggest that Taiwan’s transaction efficiency is superior to the average level of APEC memberships, East Asia and Pacific countries. China is inferior to APEC memberships East Asia, and Pacific countries in terms of degrees of transaction efficiency. The evidence from the study indicates that Hong Kong’s the transaction efficiency is better and equal to developed countries’ and G8 memberships’ ones. In adddition, Taiwan is better than that of China but inferior to that of Hong Kong in terms of transaction efficiency. In comparison to the statistical outcomes, the empirical results of questionnaire survey also confirm that Taiwan is much better than China, but worse than Hong Kong in their stitutional performances.

目 錄
第一章 緒論………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景與動機……………………………………1
第二節 研究目的與問題……………………………………3
第三節 研究方法與架構……………………………………4
第二章 文獻回顧與理論探討……………………………7
第一節 交易成本的定義與內涵……………………………8
第二節 政府與交易成本…………………………………11
第三節 資訊通訊科技、教育與交易成本…………………20
第四節 本章小結…………………………………………26
第三章 實證資料說明與因素構面萃取…………………27
第一節 實證資料說明………………………………………27
第二節 研究設計與統計方法………………………………32
第三節 因素構面的萃取……………………………………34
第四章 實證研究：交易效率的跨國比較…………41
第一節 縱橫資料分析………………………………………41
第二節 兩岸三地與其它國家的交易效率比較……………56
第三節 問卷分析結果………………………………………67
第四節 本章小結……………………………………………73
第五章 結論、研究限制與後續研究方向………………75
第一節 結論………………………………………………75
第二節 研究限制與後續研究方向……………………………78
參考文獻…………………………………………………80
附錄一 本研究問卷……………………………………89
附錄二 回卷廠商樣本特性統計表……………………92

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