偶氮染料-液晶混合薄膜（Azo-Dye Doped Liquid Crystal 簡稱 DDLC）.是被廣泛的研究在光開閘、顯示器..等應用上的材料。論文中我們將說明DDLC薄膜中染料分子與液晶在形成暫時性光柵中的影響。
藉由不同偏振方向寫入光與探測光在不同環境溫度下形成暫時性光柵加以研究探討，並提出一個簡單模型說明染料與液晶間的作用機制。

Azo-Dye Doped Liquid Crystal (DDLC) is a developed material which can be used to fabricate optical shutter, displays, etc. In this thesis, we presents of the transient grating on a planar aligned DDLC.
The effect of various polarizations of writing and probing beams, and of temperature on the transient grating are examined. Then, we propose a model to explain the result. Through this study, we understand the factors that determine the light-induced aligning Dye effect on nematic liquid crystals.

目 錄
目 錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
圖表索引…………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………Ⅷ

第一章 液晶簡介
1-1 前言…………………………………………………………1
1-2 液晶簡介………………………………………………………1
1-2-1 何謂液晶……………………………………………………1
1-2-2 液晶種類…………………………………………………2
1-2-3 熱致型液晶（thermotropic liquid crystal）…………2
1-3 液晶的光電特性………………………………………………6
1-3-1 外加場對絕緣向列液晶的影響………………………………7
1-3-2 溫度對向列相液晶的影響……………………………………8
1-4 液晶光學與物理……………………………………………11
1-4-1 液晶的光學異向性(Optical Anisotropic)………………11
1-4-2 液晶的連續體彈形變性理論………………………………13
1-5 DDLC 薄膜簡介………………………………………………14


第二章 理論探討
2-1 雷射引致光柵（Laser- Induction Grating）………………17
2-1-1雷射誘發光柵(Laser-Induced Gratings)………………17
2-2 光柵分類與特性………………………………………………18
2-2-1光柵分類…………………………………………………18
2-2-2 光柵特性……………………………………………………20
2-3 DDLC薄膜非線性光致光折變效應………………………………22

第三章 實驗內容
3-1 DDLC樣品製作………………………………………………30
3-2 樣品製作……………………………………………………30
3-3實驗裝置及架設………………………………………………34
3-3-1 Conoscopic 觀察液晶配向………………………………34
3-3-2 實驗架設……………………………………………………35

第四章 實驗結果與分析討論
4-1 DDLC薄膜特性量測………………………………………………38
4-1-1線偏振光對DDLC薄膜吸收動態變化觀察……………………38
4-2 全像光柵中觀察一階繞效率動態變化………………………39
4-2-1低濃度下一階繞射動態變化……………………………39


4-2-2改變寫入光角度量測低濃度下一階繞射………………45
4-3 高濃度下一階繞射動態變化…………………………………48
4-3-1Conoscopic 觀察濃度2.0%DDLC薄膜隨溫度變化……………48
4-3-2濃度2.0%下一階繞射機制………………………………61
第五章 總結與未來展望
5-1 總結………………………………………………………73
5-2 未來展望………………………………………………………74
附件
液晶:K15……………………………………………………………75
偶氮染料分子:DR1……………………………………………………76
參考文獻………………………………………………………………77

Reference
1. P. G. de Gennes and J.Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford(1993).
2. B. Bahadur, Liquid Crystals-Applications and Uses, Vol.1, World Scientific, Singapore(1990).
3. G. W. Gray, Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, the Society of Chemical Industry(1987).
4. S. Chandrasekhar, F.R.S., Liquid Crystals, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press(1992).
5. Iam-Choon Khoo, Liquid Crystals-Physical Properties and Nonlinear Optical Phenomena, John Wiley & Sons Press, New York(1995).
6. L. M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electroopic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials, Springer-Verlag, New York(1994).
7. Andrew J. Lovinger, Karl R. Amundson and Don D. Davis, Chem. Mater. 6, 1726(1994).
8. Grant R. Fowles, Introduction to Modern Optics, 2nd ed., University of Utah, New York(1975).
9. 朱自強, 王仕璠, 蘇顯渝, 現代光學教程, 四川大學出版社, 成都(1990).
10. A. Yariv, Quantum Electronics, John Wiley &Sons Press, New York(1989).
11. C. W. Oseen, Trans. Faraday Soc., 29, 83(1933).
12. H. Zocher, Trans. Faraday Soc., 29, 19(1933).
13. F. C. Frank, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 25, 19(1958).
14. G. H. Heilmeier, J. A. Castellano, L. A. Zanoni, Proceedings of the International Liquid Crystal Conference, Vol. 2-2, p763, New York(1968).
15. T. V. Galstyan, B. Saad, M. M. Denariez-Roberge, J. Chem. Phys., 107, 22, p9319-9325(1997).
16. Laser-Induced Dynamics Gratings, edited by H. J. Eicher, P. Gunter and D. W. Pohl, Springer-Verlag, Berlin(1986).
17. Laser and Holography, edited by P. C. Mehta and V. V. Rampal, World Scientific, Singapore(1993).
18. O. Werner, B. Fisher and A. Lewis, Opt. Lett., 17, 241(1992).
19. Nonlinear Optics, edited by R. W. Boyd, Academic Press, London(1992).
20. Photochemistry and Photophysics, H. Rau, edited by J. F. Rabek, vol 2, p119-141, Boca Raton(1990).
21. Masahiko HARA, Seiji ICHIKAWA, Hideo TAKEZOE, Atsuo FUKUDA, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 23, 11, p1420-1425(1984).
22. S. S. Gong, D. Christensen, J. Zhang, C. H. Wang, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 17(1987).
23. Wang C. H., Xia J. L., J. Phys. Chem., 96, p190(1992).
24. Xia J. L., Wang C. H., J. Phys. Chem., 92, p2603(1990).
25. Terazima M., Okamoto K., Hirota N., J. Phys. Chem., 97, p5188(1993).
26. Bacri J. C., Cebers A., Bourdon A., Demouchy G. Heegaard B. M., Perzynski R., Phys. Rev. Letter, 74, p5032(1995).
27. Heuberger G., Sillescu H. J., J. Phys. Chem., 100, p15255(1996).
28. Herbert H., Urbach W., Rondelez F., J. Chem. Phys., 68, p2725(1978).
29. Massahiko HARA, Hideo TAKEZOE, Atsuo FUKUDA, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 25, 12(1986).
30. B. Saad, M. M. Denariez-Roberge, T. V. Galstyan, Optics Letters, 23, 9(1998).
31. A. G. Chen, D. J. Brady, Optics Letters, 17, 6(1992).
32. T. V. Gastyan, V. Drnoyan, S. M. Arakelian, Phys. Lett. A, 217, 52(1996).
33. I. Janossy, L. Csillag, A. D. Lloyd, Phys. Rev. A, 44, 12(1991).
34. I. Janossy, A. D. Lloyd, B. S. Wherrett, Mol. Crys. & Liq. Cryst., 179(1990).
35. Lrenzo Marrucci, Mol. Crys. & Liq. Cryst., 321(1998).
36. T. Kosa, I. Janossy, Optics Letters, 20, 11(1995).
37. E. santamato, G. Abbate, P. Maddalena, L. Marruvvi, D. Papao, E. Maesera, Mol. Crys. & Liq. Cryst., 302(1997).
38. I. Janossy, T. Kosa, Optics Letter, 17, 17(1992).

39. I. C. Khoo, Hong Li, Yu Liang, IEEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 29, 5(1993).
40. Hong Li, Yu Liang, I. C. Khoo, Mol. Crys. & Liq. Cryst., 251(1994).
41. L. Szabados, I. Janossy, T. Kosa, Mol. Crys. & Liq. Cryst.
42. W. M. Gibbons, P. J. Shannon, S. T. Sun, B. J. Swetlin, Nature, 351(1991)
43. Wei Lee, Chi-shen Chiu, Optics Letters, 26,521(2001).
44. P. Yeh, C.Gu, Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays(1999)
45. M. Pei, Y. J. Wang, G. O. Carlisle, Opt. Eng, 40, 1481(2001)
46. J. L Xia, C-H Wang , J.Chem.phys 88, 15(1988).
47. F.Simoni, Optics Letters, 28, 1621(2003).
48. Andy Y. G. Fuh, C. Y. Lu, T. S. Mo, M. S. Tsai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 42,7344(2003).
49. P. G. de Gennes, The Physics of Liquid Crystals, Oxford University press, Oxfords(1974)
50. H. Hsiung, L. P. Shi, Y. R. Sheu, Phys. Rev. Lett, 30, 1453(1984)
51. S-G Lukishova, R-W Boyd, N Lepeshkin, J Nonlinear Optics & Materials, 11, 341(2002).
52. S.Eren SAN, Oguz KOYSAL, Serhat OZDER, F.Necati ECEVIT, Turk J phys, 27, 279(2003).
53. N Eseanu, C Uncheselu, I.Palarie, B.Umanski, July 15(2003).
54. R.Elschner, R.Macdonald, H.J.Eichler, S.Hess, A.M.Sonnet, Phys Rev Let, 60,1792(1999).
55. A.Shishido, M-Y Shih, I. C Khoo, J Nonlinear Optics physics & Materials, 11,1(2003).