本論文以開發功能性奈米粒子偵測目標生物小分子為目的，共分為兩個部份：
一、利用修飾氟界面活性劑的金奈米粒子選擇性偵測同半胱胺酸硫化內酯：在本研究中，修飾氟界面活性劑的金奈米粒子（FSN-capped gold nanoparticles, FSN-AuNPs）將同時扮演兩種角色，分別為胺基硫醇分子（Aminothiols）的移除劑和同半胱胺酸硫化內酯（Homocysteine thiolactone, HTL）的感測器。由於HTL在pH 4.0到10.0的溶液環境下不會與FSN-AuNPs表面形成鍵結，因此無法導致FSN-AuNPs聚集。但相對地，同半胱胺酸（Homocysteine, Hcys）和半胱胺酸（Cysteine, Cys）則會因為Au-S鍵結的形成而使得FSN-AuNPs聚集。實驗結果顯示在最佳化條件下，FSN-AuNPs可吸附溶液中大於99%的Hcys和大於98%的Cys，是移除Hcys和Cys相當良好的奈米材料，且不會對HTL造成影響。接著只要透過離心，讓吸附在FSN-AuNPs表面上的Hcys和Cys沉澱在樣品管底部，再將含有HTL的上清液取出加入NaOH，待HTL水解成Hcys使FSN-AuNPs聚集之後，即可於胺基硫醇混合物中偵測到HTL。藉由調控FSN-AuNPs的濃度能有效改善HTL的偵測靈敏度；在最佳化條件下，可偵測HTL的最低濃度約100 nM。最後我們也將這項技術成功地運用於偵測尿液中的HTL。
二、利用修飾Tween 20界面活性劑的金奈米粒子結合鄰苯二醛之螢光衍生法選擇性偵測組胺酸：在這部份的研究中，我們利用修飾Tween 20界面活性劑之金奈米粒子（Tween 20-capped gold nanoparticles, Tween 20-AuNPs）做為溶液中胺基硫醇分子（Aminothiols）的移除劑，並且結合螢光衍生試劑──鄰苯二醛（o-Phthaldialdehyde, OPA），針對組胺酸（Histidine, His）設計出一項簡單、靈敏且具有高選擇性的偵測方法。根據實驗結果，48.0 nM Tween 20-AuNPs在低pH環境下，40 mM phosphate buffer（pH 2.0）及0.1 mM四級銨鹽（Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB），能有效抓取溶液中95.7% homocysteine（HCys）、99.7% glutathione（GSH）、99.5% γ-glutamylcysteine（Glu-Cys），和僅2.1%的His，顯示在此條件下的Tween 20-AuNPs與Hcys、GSH和Glu-Cys之間有很強的親和力，但對His的吸引力則相當小。另一方面，由於OPA可選擇性地只針對Hcys、GSH、Glu-Cys和His進行螢光衍生，所以只要事先利用Tween 20-AuNPs將溶液中的Hcys、GSH、Glu-Cys移除，即可對His進行高選擇性的偵測。在最佳化的衍生與移除條件下，His的最低偵測極限（S/N＝3）可達5.2 nM；此方法也成功地應用於偵測尿液及血清樣品中的His。

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第一章 利用修飾氟界面活性劑的金奈米粒子選擇性偵測同半胱胺酸硫化內酯
壹、前言 1
貳、實驗部份 9
一、藥品與樣品製備 9
二、儀器設備 12
三、實驗過程 13
參、結果與討論 15
一、FSN-AuNPs做為移除試劑 15
二、選擇性的探討 22
三、靈敏度、定量分析和應用 24
肆、結論 29
伍、參考文獻 30

第二章 利用修飾Tween 20界面活性劑的金奈米粒子結合鄰苯二醛之螢光衍生法選擇性偵測組胺酸
壹、前言 37
貳、實驗部份 43
一、藥品與樣品製備 43
二、儀器設備 48
三、實驗過程 50
參、結果與討論 51
一、利用Tween 20-AuNPs移除胺基硫醇分子 51
二、Tween 20-AuNPs濃度、CTAB濃度和溶液PH值探討 55
三、靈敏度、定量分析和應用 62
肆、結論 68
伍、參考文獻 69

第一章 利用修飾氟界面活性劑的金奈米粒子選擇性偵測同半胱胺酸硫化內酯
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第二章 利用修飾Tween 20界面活性劑的金奈米粒子結合鄰苯二醛之螢光衍生法選擇性偵測組胺酸
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