本研究探討南海與黑潮海域三類超微浮游植物，包括原核綠球藻、聚球藻及真核超微藻類之生物量及生長率，在不同季節與空間之變動，及影響其變動之機制。研究方法分為(1)直接採樣觀察自然界生物量的變動；(2)培養實驗。研究期間
自2009 年8 月至2010 年12 月，共五個航次。培養實驗包括：營養鹽添加培養(添加EDTA、FeCl3及NH4+)及捕食實驗。三類超微浮游植物生長率，以2μm孔徑濾膜過濾之海水(無捕食者)，培養一段時間後生物量之變動計算之。捕食實驗則以體型分濾(size-fractionation)法，區分成<2 μm(無捕食者)及<10 μm(含捕食者)二組，此兩組生長率之差為捕食率。捕食者數量以顯微鏡檢查，三類超微浮游植物生物量以流式細胞儀(flow cytometry)計數。

結果發現，原核綠球藻生物量在暖季較冷季高，在空間上以西北太平洋、黑潮和南海海盆比南海陸坡、陸棚生物量較高。此現象與氮、磷鹽濃度高低無關，而是因為富營養鹽的季節或海域，強光之危害較小，使生長率較高，捕食率也相
對較高，且捕食率高於生長率，使生物量較低。本研究發現，存在體型<2 μm的微鞭毛蟲，且部分原核綠球藻夜間生長率與微鞭毛蟲數量呈顯著負相關。添加培養結果，僅添加EDTA 有助於原核綠球藻生長，此可能與EDTA 可螯合去除一些有毒的微量金屬(如Cu2+、Cd2+)或螯合有利於其生長的微量金屬(如Co2+)所致。

聚球藻生物量之季節/空間變動與原核綠球藻相反。其變動可能與硝酸鹽濃度有關。硝酸鹽太低及光線太強，對聚球藻生長率皆有抑制作用。反之氮鹽高的季節/海域，雖然亦有較高的被捕食率，但其生長率高於被捕食率，使之呈現較高的
生物量。捕食實驗結果發現，聚球藻的被捕食率與體型約2-5 μm的色素型微鞭毛蟲數量呈正相關。添加培養結果，亦僅在添加EDTA後有助於聚球藻生長，可能與EDTA螯合對期生長有害的Cd2+或螯合有助於其生長的Co2+有關。

真核超微藻類生物量之季節/空間變動與聚球藻類似。但真核超微藻類組成複雜，何種生態因子影響其生物變動尚未解明。

This research studied the seasonal and spatial dynamics for abundance of picophytoplanktons (including Prochlorococcus spp., Synechococcus spp. and picoeukaryotes) in the South China Sea (SCS) and the Kuroshio. Waters were collected during five cruises between August 2009 and December 2010. Growth rates were determined in two size fractioned waters, <2 um and <10 um, after incubation. The differences of growth rates between the two size fractions were defined as the grazing
rates. Before the incubation, waters were enriched with FeCl3, EDTA, or NH4Cl to examine the possible shortage of Fe or nitrogen. Abundances of picophytoplanktons and
nanoflagellates were examined using a flow-cytometry and a microscope, respectively.

Prochlorococcus was more abundant in the warm than the cold seasons and in the Kuroshio and the basin of the SCS than in the shelf and slope of the SCS. In the high abundance seasons/regions, low irradiance enhanced the growth rates of Prochlorococcus. Although both of the growth rates and grazing rates were high during then, the growth rates were found higher than the grazing rates. Addition of EDTA enhanced the growth rates that was likely attributed to its chelating with toxic trace metals (such as Cd2+, Cd2+) and/or with growth necessity trace metals (such as Co2+).

The seasonal/spatial distributions for Synechococcus were in contrast to that of Prochlorococcus. High growth rates of Synechococcus were related to high nitrate concentrations and the low irradiance. The growth rates were higher than the grazing rates in the high nitrogen seasons/regions when/where irradiance was also relatively low. EDTA also enhanced the growth of Synechococcus, and was likely due to its chelating to remove Cd2+ and/or to retain Co2+.

Distributions of picoeukaryotes were similar to that of Synechococcus. Factors affected its dynamics were not clear because of its complicated compositions.

中文摘要………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要……………………………………………………… ii
第一 章 前言…………………………………..……………… 1
第二 章 文獻 回 顧…………………………………………… 2
第一節 南海(South China Sea，SCS) …….……………… 2
第二節 黑潮(Kuroshio) ……………………....……………… 4
第三節 超微浮游植物(Picophytoplankton) ………………… 5
第四節 三類超微浮游植物在各海域生物量分佈…………… 8
第五節 流式細胞儀原理…………………………………..… 12
第三 章 材料 與 方 法…………………………………..…… 13
第一節 自然界樣本採集…..………………………………… 13
第二節 培養實驗………………………..…………………… 19
第三節 環境因子、生態因子之定義及符號…………..…… 24
第四節 統計方法..…………………………………………… 26
第四 章 結果…….…………………………………………… 27
第一節 重點航次……………..……………………………… 27
第二節 CRITOP…………..………………………………… 66
第三節 內波、潮汐（內潮）………………………….…… 69
第四節 影響三類超微浮游植物生長率之生態因子(培養實驗) 80
第五 章 討論………………………………………………… 94
第一節 Prochlorococcus…………………………………… 94
第二節 Synechococcus…………………………………… 101
第三節 Picoeukaryotes…………………………………… 109
參考文獻………………………………....………………… 114
附錄………………………………………………………… 125

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