後藤弘美的詩「身體政治」、小說《蘑菇合唱團》及《可能之水》探討日裔移民如何在加拿大多元族群社會中建立屬性及找到自身定位。後藤的作品引起政治性、文化差異及文化認同等議題的廣泛討論。本篇論文將由這些議題出發，逐一檢視這三部作品，深入了解其對後藤的書寫身體及創造屬性的影響。在這三部文本中，故事中的主人翁皆面臨多元文化社會所帶來的衝擊，雖一度對自我認同感到困惑，但卻不曾放棄，試圖在新世界中找到自身定位。藉由寫作，後藤得以為弱勢族群發聲，並突顯他們長久以來被忽略的身體。在作品中，主要角色皆經歷重新省思如何應對外在世界的過程，並產生更多可能的改變，進而轉變、成長，得以在加拿大社會中感到自在。
本論文於第一章分析後藤的詩作「身體政治」，並認為此詩以其充滿詩意及政治性的雙重面貌挑戰英語主流文化論述。本章以巴特勒的展演理論及德勒茲的流變理論去探討身體的展演性，而身體也因處於一種中間（in-between）的狀態，產生了流變的力量。隨著第一章以後藤的詩作「身體政治」進行身體展演性及流變產生的可能性為主的討論，接下來的第二、三章將以相同的概念去深入剖析後藤的兩部小說。第二章以巴特勒的身體展演理論去分析《蘑菇合唱團》。小說中的主人翁，來自同一日裔移民家庭的三代女性，藉由展演身體，在加拿大社會中定義自己。而她們對單一文化論述的反應也促使了她們的行動，進而顛覆了文化常規及社會僵制。第三章則以後藤的兒童青少年小說《可能之水》為主，結合了德勒茲的流變理論去檢視小說中主人翁藉由旅程，往返於魔幻與現實之間，探索自我，進而為加拿大書寫增添無限可能性。

Hiromi Goto’s poem “The Body Politic,” and novels Chorus of Mushrooms and The Water of Possibility, concerning how Japanese immigrants go through identity construction and find their positions in Canadian multi-ethnical society, have been widely discussed from the perspectives of politics, cultural differences and cultural recognitions. This thesis starts from these perspectives to examine these three literary works and their relationships to Goto’s writing about the body and creating identity. In the three literary works, all of the central characters have their own personal issues, confusion and passion as they try to locate themselves in a new world. However, I want to elaborate that through writing Goto uncovers the marginalized body and gives voice to the silent. Under her pen, the central characters in her works all undergo the process of rethinking their ways of responding to the outside world. Eventually they generate possible changes and transforms into the better selves, which find comfort in Canadian society.
In Chapter One, I analyze Goto’s poem “The Body Politic” as a poetical and polemical intervention into the English-dominated discourse and expound how Judith Butler’s theory of performativity and Gilles Deleuze’s becoming theory fit into dealing with the idea of body as a performance and as an in-between state generating the power of becoming. Based on a discussion of Goto’s “The Body Politic” and the body’s performativity and possibility, textual analyses will follow up to examine Goto’s other works in Chapter Two and Chapter Three. In Chapter Two, Goto’s novel Chorus of Mushrooms will be examined through the lens of Butler’s body theory through performativity. The central characters in the novel, three women representing respectively the three generations of a Japanese immigrant family, seek to find their positions through performing their bodies into Canadian society. Their reactions toward the monotonous cultural discourse push them to act, and further subvert the cultural norms and social fixations. In Chapter Three, Goto’s children’s novel The Water of Possibility will be explored through Deleuze’s becoming theory. A journey traveling in between the magical land and the real world turns out to be a journey to discover the inner self as well as to inspire infinite possibilities toward Canadian writing.

論文審定書………………………………………………….…………………………...i
Acknowledgements…………………………………………….…………………..……ii
摘要………………………………………………………….……………………….....iii
Abstract………………………………………..………………………………………...iv
Introduction………………………………………………….…………………………..1
Chapter One The Body’s Power and Creativity in Hiromi Goto’s “The Body Politic”..14
Body, Textuality and Identity……………………………………..….….16
Body, Visibility, and Stereotypes……………………………….……….25
Bodily Performativity……………………………………………………28
Bodily Possibility……………………………………………………......32
Writing and Naming……………………………………………………..33
Chapter Two Body and Language in Hiromi Goto’s Chorus of Mushrooms………..…42
The Power of Language………………………………………………….42
Writing on Body-Theory………………………..……………………….44
Performativity in Chorus of Mushrooms……………………...…………46
Body in Corporeality and Sensuality…………………………………….47
Story-telling and Story-making…………………………..……………...51
Naming and Translating the New Japanese Canadian Identity………….56
Voice, Body and Subjectivity……………………………………………61
Chapter Three A Journey of Possibility in Hiromi Goto’s The Water of Possibility…..70
Journey, Worlds and Water……………………………………………...73
Being and Power………………………………….……………………...80
Making and Unmaking the Self……………………….…………………85
Writing Possibilities in Canadian Literature…………………………….88
Conclusion………...……………………………………………………………………95
Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………...101
Appendix 1 Hiromi Goto’s “The Body Politic”………………………………………105
Appendix 2 An Email Response from Hiromi Goto………………….………....……109

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