本論文旨在探究當代臺灣閩南語「敢」問句（kám questions）之語法，特別著眼於其問句類別及在焦點途徑下之生成機制。

　　迥異於以往研究視「敢」問句為是非問句（鄭良偉，1997；湯廷池，1998；王本瑛與連金發，2001等），吾人循尚黃正德（1991）並認為「敢」問句係華語正反問句之一種型態（a counterpart of Mandarin A-not-A questions），據此提供大量有力之證據指出「敢」問句與華語正反問句就句法特徵上有著高度關聯性以支持該論點。

　　管見以為「敢」問句在焦點途徑下之生成機制係經由移位（movement）機制而生成，並遵循Schaffar與Chen（2001）而假定「敢」之詞基生成（base-generated）於時態詞組（TP）之大纛下的極性詞組裡之指示語位置（the specifier of Polarity Phrase (PolP)），其後遂行邏輯式隱性移位（covertly move）至補語詞組裡之指示語位置（the specifier of CP）以臻疑問特徵之核查（the checking of the [+Q] feature）。極性詞組於臺灣閩南語之存在必要性得進一步以臺灣閩南語之排除性副詞「干焦」（kan-na）和助動詞「有」（ū）佐證之。

The purpose of this thesis is to probe into the syntax of kám questions in contemporary Taiwan Southern Min, in particular paying close attention to kám’s question type and the derivation of kám questions under a focus approach.

　　Different greatly from previous studies analyzing kám questions as yes-no questions (Cheng, 1997; Tang, 1998; Wang & Lien, 2001; interalia), we argue with Huang (1991) that kám questions are a counterpart of Mandarin A-not-A questions with lots of compelling evidence by establishing a close affinity between Mandarin A-not-A questions and kám questions with respect to similar syntactic properties.

　　We also propose a movement analysis of deriving kám questions in a focus approach, assuming that kám is base-generated in the specifier of Polarity Phrase (PolP) under TP and then covertly moves to the specifier of CP for the checking of the [+Q] feature along the lines of Schaffar and Chen (2001). The necessary existence of PolP in TSM can be further supported by the exclusive adverb kan-na (干焦) “only” and the auxiliary verb ū (有) “have” in TSM.

Table of Contents

論文審定書......i
Acknowledgement......ii
摘要......v
Abstract......vi
Table of Contents......vii
List of Tables......ix
List of Abbreviations......x

Chapter 1 Introduction......1
　1.1 Background and Motivation......1
　1.2 Purpose of the Study......2
　1.3 Thesis Organization......3

Chapter 2 Literature Review......4
　2.1 Introduction......4
　2.2 The Distribution of Kám Questions......4
　　2.2.1 The Locus of Kám......4
　　2.2.2 The Word Class of Constituents Following Kám......5
　　2.2.3 Focus Scope......6
　　2.2.4 Island Sensitivity......7
　　2.2.5 Compatibility with the Adverb Tàu-té (到底)......8
　2.3 Kám’s Question Type: Yes-no Questions?......9
　　2.3.1 Resemblances to Mandarin Yes-no Questions......10
　　　2.3.1.1 Kám Questions as Mā (嗎) Questions: Cheng (1997)......10
　　　2.3.1.2 Kám Questions as Nándào (難道) Questions: Tang (1998)......11
　　2.3.2 Question-answer Pairs: Tang (1998) and Wang and Lien (2001)......16
　2.4 The Derivation of Kám Questions in Focus Approaches......20
　2.5 Summary......23

Chapter 3 The Derivation of Focus in Kám Questions......24
　3.1 Introduction......24
　3.2 Correlation between Kám Questions and TSM VP-neg Questions......24
　　3.2.1 Complementary Distribution between Kám and TSM NQPs......24
　　3.2.2 Compatibility with the Adverb Tàu-té (到底)......26
　　3.2.3 Question-answer Pairs......27
　　3.2.4 Co-occurrence with Predicate and Constituent Negation......28
　　3.2.5 Focus Readings......30
　　3.2.6 Island Sensitivity......32
　3.3 The Derivation of Focus in TSM VP-neg Questions......34
　3.4 The Derivation of Focus in Kám Questions......50
　3.5 Summary......57

Chapter 4 Kám Questions as a Counterpart of Mandarin A-not-A Questions......59
　4.1 Introduction......59
　4.2 Affinity between Kám Questions and Mandarin A-not-A Questions......59
　　4.2.1 Complementary Distribution between Kám and A-not-A......59
　　4.2.2 Word Class......61
　　4.2.3 Non-occurrence in Presupposed Contexts......63
　　4.2.4 Question-answer Pairs......64
　　4.2.5 Compatibility with the Adverb Dàodǐ/Tàu-té (到底)......65
　　4.2.6 Focus Scope......66
　　4.2.7 Island Sensitivity......68
　4.3 Summary......71

Chapter 5 Conclusion......72

References......74

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