本篇論文設計上是以一個數位信號處理器(DSP)為基礎，配合三相換流器之硬體架構，並成功導入120度導通模式與弱磁控制技術理論。實驗結果可以發現，以IPM馬達作為電動車的驅動馬達，適合以120度導通做為驅動模式，降低輸出漣波轉矩，維持輸出轉矩固定。另一方面利用相位超前控制使馬達在中低轉速區間較大的轉矩輸出，在高轉速區間則採用弱磁控制，使馬達有更高的轉速表現。其他如設計過電壓保護電路來增加驅動器之安全性、以及利用DSP的程式撰寫去分析解碼轉子速度，一方面可以減少所需之硬體體積，另一方面亦可以增加準確度，這些功能將使得驅動器的動作更為完善。

The design of this thesis intends to present that 120° Communication and Flux-Weakening Control techniques can be successfully applied to a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) together with the hardware structure of an inverter.

Experimental results are shown that utilizing IPM Motor as Drive Motor of Electric Vehicle, 120° Communication techniques can reduce ripple torque and maintain the stability of output torque. Furthermore, through Phase advanced control motor, it enables a higher output torque during the mid-lower speed. Using Flux-Weakening Control helps motor from higher output speed to the highest output speed.

Moreover, the security of motor driver can be enhanced by designing circuit, which prevents over voltage. The function of motor driver will be better due to the decreased hardware size and increased accuracy that are the advantage of writing DSP scripts to analyze rotor speed.

目 錄

第一章 緒論...................................... 1
1.1 前言........................................1
1.2 研究背景....................................2
1.3 研究方法與系統描述......................... 3

第二章 電動機車.................................. 4
2.1 電動機車基本構成要件............................ 4
2.2 電動機車的驅動馬達........................... 5
2.3無刷直流馬達................................... 6
2.3.1 無刷直流馬達的特徵..........................8
2.3.2無刷直流馬達的構成要素........................8
2.3.3永久磁鐵的種類及特徵............................10
2.3.4霍爾感測器.................................. 12
2.4 無刷直流馬達的特性與方程式....................13
2.5 電動機車所用的馬達比較...................... 16

第三章 電動機車之控制架構............................ 18
3.1 PMSM與BLDCM的數學模型推導..........................18
3.1.1 PMSM直流無刷馬達的數學模型推導................ 18
3.1.2 BLDCM直流無刷馬達的數學模型推導................. 21
3.2相位超前控制....................................24
3.3弱磁控制................................ 26
3.4轉速估測...............................30

第四章 驅動器系統................................31
4.1無刷馬達驅動器驅動電路的基本......................... 31
4.2無刷馬達驅動器控制模式........ ......................33
4.2.1弦波電流驅動方式(180°通電型)....................33
4.2.2方波電流驅動方式(120°通電型)....................34
4.3依電壓向量轉動來解釋導通模式.........................36
4.4驅動路驅動電路介紹..................................42
4.4.1隔離電路......................................42
4.4.2失效時間的插入電路.............................45
4.5實驗系統架構......................................47
4.5.1 DSP控制單元...................................48
4.5.2功率元件驅動單元...............................54
4.5.2.1電源供應電路................................54
4.5.2.2 sinpwm信號的生成............................55
4.5.2.3 閘極驅動電路.................................57
4.5.2.4 電流迴授偵測.................................59
4.6轉速顯示電路.......................................60

第五章 實驗結果.............................. 61
5.1實驗數據................................62
5.1.1驅動模式比較之實驗波形...................... 62
5.1.2弱磁控制實測波形...................... 65
5.2實驗分析...............................72


第六章 結論與建議.............................. 75


參考書目................................................79

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