在本論文中我們實際製作出單模光纖燒融式的極化分離耦合器。我們利用簡單的燒融拉伸方式穩定的製作極化分光器，使得輸出兩端的光纖極化狀況得以維持。在不改變機台原形及製程的情況下，巧妙的運用參數組合製作出此元件。其於輸出兩端的特性表現分別為極化分離率25.78dB及27.16dB，兩輸出阜的頻寬分別為27nm及37nm，而共同頻寬為14 nm，過量損耗為0.3dB左右。在全波數值模擬方法下，極化分光器的表現可被精確的模擬。我們也在量測及模擬結果上得到良好的吻合度。

A single-mode fused biconical 2×2 coupler for polarization beamsplitting is fabricated in this thesis. We use simple fused and tapered method to fabricate the polarization beamsplitter(PBS) stably, and then we can get polarization maintaining in the output fibers. Without changing the manufacturing process, we design the device with special combination of fabrication parameters. We have achieved an extinction ratio of 25.78dB at the throughput port and 27.16dB at the coupled port. A usable spectral window as broad as 37nm and 27nm with an extinction ratio larger than 15dB for both ports is obtained. The excess loss is about 0.3dB. Based on a full-wave numerical approach, the performance of the PBS can be well modeled. We get good agreement between the measured and simulated results.

第一章 序論…………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景與目的……………………………………………………………1
1.2 歷史回顧……………………………………………………………………2
1.3 論文大綱……………………………………………………………………2

第二章 表面積分方程法……………………………………………………………6
2.1 概論…………………………………………………………………………6
2.2 理論推演……………………………………………………………………6
2.3 數值程序……………………………………………………………………9

第三章 融燒式 2×2 光纖耦合器模擬結果………………………………………13
3.1 概論………………………………………………………………………．13
3.2 融燒程度…………………………………………………………………．13
3.3 場型分佈…………………………………………………………………．14
3.4 耦合功率與融燒程度之關係……………………………………………．15
3.5 Birefringence與極化效應之關係……………………………………．17
3.6 融燒程度與頻寬之關係…………………………………………………．18
3.7 結論………………………………………………………………………．19

第四章 極化分光器之實作與量測結果…………………………………………．35
4.1 概述………………………………………………………………………．35
4.2 光纖耦合融燒機…………………………………………………………．35
4.3 製作參數與過量損失之關係……………………………………………．36
4.4 極化分光器停火點方式選擇與製作……………………………………．40
4.5 極化量測配置與結果……………………………………………………．41
4.6 結論………………………………………………………………………．44

第五章 寬頻式分波多工器及雙窗式光纖耦合器之實作………………………．64
5.1 概論………………………………………………………………………．64
5.2-1 寬頻式分波多工器之應用與原理………………………………………．64
5.2-2 寬頻式分波多工器之實作與量測結果…………………………………．65
5.2-3 結論………………………………………………………………………．66
5.3-1 雙窗式光纖耦合器之應用與原理………………………………………．66
5.3-2 雙窗式光纖耦合器之實作與量測結果…………………………………．68
5.3-3 結論………………………………………………………………………．69

第六章 結論………………………………………………………………………．79
6.1 總結………………………………………………………………………．79
6.2 未來方向…………………………………………………………………．80

參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………．81

【1】 Payne, F.P., Hussey ,C.D., Yataki ,M.S., ”Modelling fused single mode fiber couplers”, Electronics Letters , Vol.21 ,pp461-462,1985.

【2】 Payne, F.P., Hussey ,C.D., Yataki ,M.S., ”Polarization analysis of strongly fused and weakly fused tapered couplers”, Electronics Letters , Vol.21 ,pp561-563,1985.

【3】 Love,J.D., Hall,M., ”Polarization modulation in long couplers”, Electronics Letters , Vol.21 ,pp519-520,1985.

【4】 Yataki ,M.S., Payne, D.N., Varnham, M.P., ”All-fiber polarizing beamsplitter”, Electronics Letters , Vol.21 ,pp249-251,1985.

【5】 Snyder, A.W., ”Polarising beamsplitter from fused taper couplers” Electronics Letters , Vol.21 ,pp623-625,1985.

【6】 Robert G.Lamont, Derwyn C. Johnson, Kenneth O. Hill, “Power transfer in fused biconical-taper single mode fiber couplers: dependence on external refractive index” Applied Optics, Vol.24, pp327-332, 1985.

【7】 Yokohama,I., Okamoto,K., Noda,J., “Fiber-optic Polarising Beam Splitter Employing Birefringent-Fiber Coupler”, Electronics Letters , Vol.21 ,pp415-416,1985.

【8】 Michael E., Edgaar W.,” Single-mode fused biconical couplers for wavelength division multiplexing with channel spacing between 100and 300nm”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.6, pp113-119, 1988 .

【9】 Michael E., Edgaar W., ”Single-mode fused biconical coupler optimized for polarization beamsplitting”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.9, pp853-858, 1991 .
【10】Matthew N.M., Richard J.O., H.R. Marlin, “Polarization independent narrow channel wavelength division multiplexing fiber couplers for 1.55um”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.9, pp442-447, 1991 .

【11】Katsumi M., Katsuyushi T., “Polarization Properties of Fused Couplers and Polarizing Beamsplitters”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.9, pp1503-1507, 1991 .

【12】Y.Takeuchi and J.Noda, “Novel fiber coupler tapering process using a microheater”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.4, pp465-467,1992.

【13】Katsumi M., Kiyoshi A., “Fiber loop polarizers using a fused taper coupler”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.12, pp634-637,1994.

【14】T.L. Wu, H.C. Chang, “Rigorous analysis of form birefringence of weakly fused fiber-optic couplers”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.13, pp687-691, 1995.

【15】C.W. Wu, T.L. Wu, H.C. Chang, “A novel fabrication method for all-fiber, weakly fused, polarization beamsplitters”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.7, pp786-788, 1995.

【16】H.C. Chang, T.H. Lin, T.L. Wu, “Accurate coupling coefficients for fiber couplers with weakly fused cross sections”, Applied Optics, Vol.34, pp61686171, 1995.

【17】T.L. Wu, H.C. Chang, “Vectorial analysis of fiber-core effects in weakly fused couplers”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.9, pp218-219, 1997.

【18】S.W. Yang, H.C. Chang, “Numerical modeling of weakly fused fiber-optic polarization beamsplitters --- Part Ι: Accurate calaulation of couplling coefficients and form birefringence”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.16, pp685-690, 1998.

【19】M. Ngadino, A.A. Hassan, M.K. Abdullah, H. Ahmad, “Loss dependence on pull speed and pull delay of 3dB fused tapered single mode fiber coupler”, ICSE’98 Proc., pp143-146, 1998.

【20】T.E. Dimmick, G.K. Kakarantzas, T.A. Birks, Philip St.J. Russell, “Carbon dioxide laser fabrication of fused fiber couplers and tapers”, Applied Optics, Vol.38, pp 6845-6848, 1999 .

【21】Tzong-Lin Wu, “Three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling of fiber-core effects on the coupling characteristics of weakly fused tapered fiber-optic couplers”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.18, pp1024-1030, 2000.

【22】C.S. Hsieh, T.L Wu, W.H Cheng, “An optimum approach for fabrication of low loss fused fiber couplers”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, pp199-203, 2001.

【23】E.R. Lyons, H.P. Lee, “An electrically tunable all-fiber polarization controller based on deposited thon-film microheaters”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.14, pp1318-1320, 2002 .

【24】Wang D., Qin G., Chen H., Yan Z., “A new all-fiber fused taper polarization couplers”, IEEE, pp64-67, 1995.

【25】C.C Su, ”A surface integral equation method for homogeneous optical fibers and coupled image lines of arbitrary cross sections”, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol.MTT-33, pp1114-1120, 1985.

【26】S.W. Yang, T.L. Wu, C.W. Wu, H.C. Chang, “Numerical modeling of weakly fused fiber-optic polarization beamsplitters --- Part Ⅱ: the three dimensional electromagnetic model”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.16, pp691-696, 1998.

【27】吳宗霖, “融燒式光纖耦合器之三維電磁模擬”,台灣大學博士論文, 1995.

【28】陳華山, “耦合器最佳封裝之研究”,中山大學碩士論文, 1999.

【29】Morishita K., Yamaguchi T.” Wavelength tunability and polarization characteristics of twisted polarization beamsplitting single-mode fiber couplers”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.19,Issue: 5, pp 732 -738, May 2001