本研究主要是利用溶膠凝膠的方法，製備不飽和樹脂與二氧化矽複合材料，同時也引進耦合劑，增加有機物和無機物兩者之間的化學鍵結，提高兩者的相容性，探討是否加入偶合劑或加入不同含量的二氧化矽，對複合材料的物理質性或化學質性的影響，及微結構的關系。我們用FT-TR鑑定複合材料的化學結構，用TGA和HDT探討熱穩定性，另一方面更藉助SEM觀察二氧化矽的顆粒大小和形狀，吸水性、耐酸鹼等性質。
實驗結果發現，因UP為線性高分子會糾纏一團，使TEOS單體很困難進入UP內，造成二氧化矽會規則排列形成大顆粒，排擠UP，產生相分離。若改用PhTEOS做為無機的前驅物，因PhTEOS的苯環和UP的苯環上，π-π*的吸引作用，使PhTEOS單體可以溶入 UP內進行反應形成二氧化矽，二氧化矽顆粒大小和分佈很均勻。
若添加耦合劑，耦合劑的有機部分會提供跟UP之間的吸引力，耦合劑單體容易進入UP內，在和TEOS或本身進行sol-gel反應，也增加UP和TEOS的化學鍵結，明顯改善兩者的相分離情形。
複合材料在熱穩定性和耐酸鹼性質上都有明顯的提升，在熱變形能力有所增加。其中在耐酸鹼性和熱變形能力上，以添加耦合劑為最佳，因UP和二氧化矽之間化學鍵結，具有保護UP的效果。

The unsaturated polyester/silica hybrids have been synthesized via sol-gel process and characterized in an effort to obtain a transparent hybrid material in this study, with emphasis on the effects of silica precursors and coupling agents. Chemical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of the hybrids were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The results showed that silica particles can be dispersed homogeneously in the UP matrix; also, physical and chemical interactions at the interface between UP and silica can be enhanced by adding coupling agents into the system. From the thermal and chemical properties measurement, the decomposition temperature of UP backbone and the heat distortion temperature (HDT) of UP/Silica hybrid were higher than pure UP.
Solvent-resistance of UP/Silica hybrid was also enhanced by adding coupling agents. A model illustrating the chemical and physical interaction at the interface due to the addition of coupling agents is proposed to explain the resulted obtained.

致謝......................................................i
Abstract.................................................ii
摘要....................................................iii
目錄.....................................................iv
圖目錄...................................................vi
表目錄.................................................viii
壹、前言
1-1 簡介.................................................1
1-2 不飽和樹脂的合成.....................................2
1-3 溶膠凝膠(sol-gel processing)的原理...................3
1-4 耦合劑原理...........................................5
貳、文獻回顧
2-1 不飽和聚酯樹脂研究發展...............................7
2-2 研究動機............................................13
參、實驗方法
3-1 藥品................................................16
3-2 實驗流程............................................17
3-3 樣品編號............................................18
3-4合成
3-4-1 不飽和聚酯樹脂的合成.............................19
3-4-2 不飽和聚酯樹脂之酸價測定法.......................20
3-5 二氧化矽的製備......................................21
3-6 複合材料的製備
3-6-1 UP/TEOS和UP/PhTEOS的製備..........................22
3-6-2 UP/TEOS/MPTS的製備................................24
3-6-3 UP/TEOS/APTS的製備................................25
3-7 儀器................................................26
肆、結果
4-1 FT-IR的鑑定.........................................29
4-2 Si-NMR的鑑定........................................32
4-3 UV量測..............................................34
4-4 TGA分析.............................................35
4-5 外觀比較............................................41
4-6 SEM觀察.............................................45
4-7 其它物化性質量測....................................53
伍、討論
5-1 二氧化矽前驅物的效應................................55
5-2 添加耦合的影響......................................56
5-3 複合材料性質比較
5-3-1熱性質比較.........................................58
5-3-1熱性質比較.........................................59
5-4 二氧化矽添加量的影響.................................61
陸、結論.................................................62
柒、未來工作.............................................64
參考文獻.................................................65

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