本論文針對當前應用廣泛的鉛酸蓄電池與最具未來性的鋰離子蓄電池，研究其電量估測的方法。首先以等效電路為理論基礎，探討不同充、放電電流下，開路電壓的動態變化與電池電量狀態、釋出電量的關係。經由實驗分析發現，鉛酸蓄電池開路後端電壓呈現規則地變化，因而考慮開路時間與開路前之充、放電電流，提出「動態開路電壓法」，使其可於靜置後較短時間內精確估測出電池的電量。至於鋰離子蓄電池，在研究中評估其充、放電特性後，採用庫侖電量累積法估測電池的電量，可得到準確的估測結果。最後，本研究透過實驗測試，模擬實際操作狀況，估測電池剩餘電量，驗證所提出之方法的準確度。

This thesis studies State-of-Charge (SOC) method for widely used lead-acid batteries and the most prospective lithium-ion batteries. First, the relationship between the battery capacity and the open-circuit-voltage under different charging/discharging currents is investigated based on the equivalent circuit. Experimental results indicate that the open-circuit-voltage of the lead-acid battery varies regularly with the charging/discharging current and the duration of time for the battery disconnected from the load. Accordingly, a dynamic open-circuit-voltage method in considerations the open-circuit-time and the previous operating current is capable of precisely estimating the battery capacity in a shorter time. As for the lithium-ion batteries, their charging/discharging characteristics reveal that the Coulomb/Ampere-Hour Counting method is capable of yielding accurate estimations. Finally, through the experiments that emulate practical operations, the SOC estimations of batteries are verified to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methods.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖表目錄 IV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2研究動機與目的 2
1-3論文大綱 4
第二章 電池與電量估測技術 5
2-1電池的構造與化學原理 5
2-2電池電量估測技術 8
2-3電池等效電路分析 13
2-4電池的SOD與SOC之定義 15
2-5實驗規劃 16
第三章 鉛酸蓄電池之充放電特性與電量估測 18
3-1鉛酸蓄電池之放電特性 18
3-2鉛酸蓄電池之充電特性 25
3-3鉛酸蓄電池之動態開路電壓估測法 28
3-4鉛酸蓄電池之SOC估測法驗證實驗 31
第四章 鋰離子蓄電池之充放電特性與電量估測 36
4-1鋰離子蓄電池之放電特性 36
4-2鋰離子蓄電池之充電特性 39
4-3鋰離子蓄電池之庫倫電量累積法 40
4-4鋰離子蓄電池之SOC估測法驗證實驗 41
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 48
參考文獻 50

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