為降低染料敏化太陽能電池之製造成本，遂有使用黑色對電極及薄化光電極之染料敏化太陽能電池被提出。而上述染料敏化太陽能電池雖可有效降低製造成本，卻因光捕獲效率不佳而呈現較差之光電轉換效能。有鑒於此，本研究提出一種新的金屬光散射層，其係可形成於染料敏化太陽能電池之黑色對電極上，亦可形成於染料敏化太陽能電池之薄化光電極上，用以反射穿透薄化光電極之光。金屬光散射層可從電池內部提升光捕獲效率，進而提升染料敏化太陽能電池之光電轉換效能。實驗結果證實使用金屬光散射層可有效降低電池內阻及增加電子收集效率，且最高可提升電池轉換效率116%。
本研究另設計一種低成本之外部光導元件，其係設置於染料敏化太陽能電池之光電極的外部，用以將未被有效利用的光導引至光電極之染料敏化二氧化鈦膜上。外部光導元件可從電池外部提升光捕獲效率，進而提升染料敏化太陽能電池之光電轉換效能。實驗結果證實使用外部光導元件可提升光捕獲效率30.69%，並相應地提升光電流密度38.12%及電池轉換效率25.09%。

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), based on use of a black counter electrode (BCE) and thin TiO2 electrode (photoelectrode), have been developed to reduce related manufacturing costs. Despite their effectiveness in lowering manufacturing cost, the above DSSCs have a low photovoltaic performance, owing to their insufficient light harvesting efficiency.
This work presents a novel metal-based light scattering layer (MLSL), which can be formed either on a black counter electrode or on a thin TiO2 electrode, to reflect the light passing through the latter. The proposed MLSL increases the light harvesting efficiency from the interior of the cell, thus enhancing the photovoltaic performance of DSSC. Experimental results indicate that the proposed MLSL also reduces the internal resistance, as well as increases the electron collection efficiency of DSSC, subsequently increasing the power conversion efficiency by 116%.
This work also designs a low-cost external lightguide (EL), which is disposed on the exterior of photoelectrode of DSSC, to direct light towards the dye-covered nanoporous TiO2 film (D-NTF) of the photoelectrode. Incorporating EL can increase the light harvesting efficiency from the exterior of the cell, thus enhancing the photovoltaic performance of DSSC. Furthermore, in addition to increasing the light harvesting efficiency by 30.69%, the proposed EL increases the photocurrent density by 38.12% and power conversion efficiency by 25.09%.

論文審定書 ……………………………………………………………… i
誌謝 …………………………………………………………….….…… ii
摘要 …………………………………………………………….….…… iii
Abstract ………………………………………..……………………… iv
Contents …………………………………..………………….…… v
List of Figures ……………………………………………………… ix
List of Tables ……………………………………………………… xiii
Nomenclature ………………………………………………….… xiv

Chapter 1 Introduction …………………………………………………1
1.1 Background …………………………….…………………….…1
1.2 Review of Literatures ……………………………………………2
1.2.1 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)………………………2
1.2.1.1 A Brief History…………………………………………2
1.2.1.2 Basic Structure and Operation Principles ……..……….2
1.2.1.3 Major Parameters …….…..…………………………….6
1.2.1.4 Characterization Approaches ...………..……………….7
1.2.2 Light Harvesting on Counter Electrode ……………………7
1.2.3 Light Harvesting on Photoelectrode ………………………8
1.2.4 Light Wasted on Sealing Spacer ………………………9
1.3 Aims and Objectives ……...…….……………………………10
1.4 Dissertation Structure …………………………………………11
Chapter 2 Metal-based Light Scattering Layer (MLSL) on Black Counter Electrode …………………………………………16
2.1 Introduction …………………………………………………16
2.2 Experimental Section ………………………………………17
2.2.1 Experimental Materials …………………………………17
2.2.2 Preparation of Al@SiO2 Core-Shell Microflakes ………17
2.2.3 Preparation of Black Counter Electrode …………………18
2.2.4 Black Counter Electrode with MLSL ……………………18
2.2.5 Preparation of TiO2 Electrode and Assembly of DSSCs ………….………………………………………19
2.2.6 Measurements of DSSCs …………………………………19
2.3 Results and Discussion ……………………………………20
2.3.1 Characterizations…………………………………………20
2.3.2 Diffused Reflectance Spectra Analysis …………………21
2.3.3 Photovoltaic Performance Measurements ………………21
2.3.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectra Analysis …………22
Chapter 3 Metal-based Light Scattering Layer (MLSL) on Photoelectrode ……………………………………………42
3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………42
3.2 Experimental Section ………………………………………42
3.2.1 Experimental Materials …………………………………42
3.2.2 TiO2 Electrode with MLSL ……………………………43
3.2.3 TiO2 Electrode with TiO2-based Light Scattering Layer (TLSL) ………….………………………………………44
3.2.4 Preparation of Graphite/Pt Counter Electrode …………44
3.2.5 Assembly and Measurements of DSSCs ………………44
3.3 Results and Discussion ……………………………………45
3.3.1 Characterizations…………………………………………45
3.3.2 Transmittance Spectra Analysis …………………………46
3.3.3 Photovoltaic Performance Measurements ………………46
3.3.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectra Analysis …………46
Chapter 4 External Lightguide (EL) on DSSCs ………………………65
4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………65
4.2 EL Design……………………………………………………65
4.3 EL Fabrication ………………………………………………68
4.4 Measurement of Light Harvesting Efficiency ………………69
4.5 Preparation of DSSC …………………………………………70
4.6 Photovoltaic Measurements of DSSC with and without EL …70
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Prospects ………………………84
5.1 Conclusions …………………………………………………84
5.2 Future Prospects ……………………………………………85
References …………………………………………….…….…………87
VITA ……………………………………………………………….…...96

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